Abstract
Maintaining immune tolerance is a dynamic biological process which is
provided by various types of tolerance mechanisms. In the light of the
remarkable role of co-inhibitory receptors for switching-off the immune
system, the potential impact of these receptors in controlling
auto-reactivity is needed to be interrogated. Recent investigations
suggested that the dysregulation of co-inhibitory receptors in chronic
immune responses including cancer and chronic infections can result in
immunological consequences called exhaustion. Exhaustion confer a potent
“switch-off” mechanism for immune response. Using both co-inhibitory
receptors and transcription factors in controlling T cells behavior,
this review provide an overview of the potential effects of
co-inhibitory receptors in maintaining tolerance and discuss how
impaired co-inhibitory receptors might results in autoimmunity.