REFERENCES
- Goff JP, Horst RL. Physiological changes at parturition and their
relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80: 1260–68.
- Oliveira LJ, Barreto RS, Perecin F, Mansouri-Attia N, Pereira FT,
Meirelles FV. Modulation of maternal immune system during pregnancy in
the cow. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4: 384–93.
- Saito S, Nakashima A, Shima T, Ito M. Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory
T-cell paradigm in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 601–10.
- Figueiredo AS, Schumacher A. The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell
paradigm in pregnancy. Immunology 2016; 148: 13–21.
- Feinberg BB, Tan NS, Walsh SW, Brath PC, Gonik B. Progesterone and
estradiol suppress human mononuclear cell cytotoxicity. J Reprod
Immunol 1992; 21: 139–48.
- Robinson DP, Klein SL. Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones
alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Horm Behav 2012; 62:
263–71.
- Maeda Y, Ohtsuka H, Tomioka M, Oikawa M. Effect of progesterone on
Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T cell-related genes in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells during pregnancy in cows. Vet Res Commun 2013; 37:
43–9.
- Frie MC, Coussens PM. Bovine leukemia virus: a major silent threat to
proper immune responses in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 163:
103–14.
- Schwartz I, Levy D. Pathobiology of bovine leukemia virus. Vet Res
1994; 25: 521–36.
- Hopkins SG, DiGiacomo RF. Natural transmission of bovine leukemia
virus in dairy and beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract
1997; 13: 107–28.
- Monti GE, Frankena K, DeJong MC. Evaluation of transmission of bovine
leukemia virus with in dairy herds of Argentina. Epidemiol Infect
2007; 135: 228–37.
- Phipps RP, Stein SH, Roper RL. A new view of prostaglandin E
regulation of the immune response. Immunol Today 1991; 12: 349–52.
- Morita I. Distinct functions of COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandins Other
Lipid Mediat 2002; 68–69: 165–75.
- Subbaramaiah K, Telang N, Ramonetti TJ et al . Transcription of
cyclooxygenase-2 is enhanced in transformed mammary epithelial cells.
Cancer Res 1996; 56: 4424–9.
- Kalinski P. Regulation of Immune Responses by Prostaglandin
E2. J Immunol 2012; 188: 21–8.
- Sajiki Y, Konnai S, Okagawa T et al . Prostaglandin
E2 Induction Suppresses the Th1 Immune Responses in
Cattle with Johne’s Disease. Infect Immun 2018; 86: e00910–17.
- Sajiki Y, Konnai S, Okagawa T et al . Prostaglandin
E2-Induced Immune Exhaustion and Enhancement of
Antiviral Effects by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Combined with COX-2 Inhibitor
in Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection. J Immunol 2019; 203: 1313–24.
- Hirsbrunner G, Zanolari P, Althaus H, Hüsler J, Steiner A. Influence
of prostaglandin E2 on parturition in cattle. Vet Rec
2007; 161: 414–7.
- Sajiki Y, Konnai S, Nishimori A et al . Intrauterine infection
with bovine leukemia virus in pregnant dam with high viral load. J Vet
Med Sci 2017; 79: 2036–9.
- Mager A, Masengo R, Mammerickx M, Letesson JJ. T cell proliferative
response to bovine leukaemia virus (BLV): identification of T cell
epitopes on the major core protein (p24) in BLV-infected cattle with
normal haematological values. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 2223–31.
- Ikebuchi R, Konnai S, Okagawa T et al . Blockade of bovine PD-1
increases T cell function and inhibits bovine leukemia virus
expression in B cells in vitro . Vet Res 2013; 44: 59.
- Smith VG, Edgerton LA, Hafs HD, Convey EM. Bovine Serum Estrogens,
Progestins and Glucocorticoids during Late Pregnancy, Parturition and
Early Lactation. J Anim Sci 1973; 36: 391–6.
- Robertson HA. Changes in the Concentration of Unconjugated Oestrone,
oestradiol-17alpha and oestradiol-17beta in the Maternal Plasma of the
Pregnant Cow in Relation to the Initiation of Parturition and
Lactation. J Reprod Fertil 1974; 36: 1–7.
- Stellflug JN, Han DK, Randel RD, Moody EL. Plasma estrogens in the
periparturient cow. Theriogenology 1978; 10: 269–73.
- Orlik O, Splitter GA. Progression to persistent lymphocytosis and
tumor development in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle
correlates with impaired proliferation of CD4+ T cells in response to
gag- and env-encoded BLV proteins. J Virol 1996; 70: 7584–93.
- Kabeya H, Ohashi K, Onuma M. Host immune responses in the course of
bovine leukemia virus infection. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63: 703–8.
- Konnai S, Murata S, Ohashi K. Immune exhaustion during chronic
infections in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79: 1–5.
- Pyeon D, Diaz FJ, Splitter GA. Prostaglandin E2increases bovine leukemia virus tax and pol mRNA levels via
cyclooxygenase 2: regulation by interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and
bovine leukemia virus. J Virol 2000; 74: 5740–5.
- Hamilton KL, Gupta S, Knowlton AA. Estrogen and regulation of heat
shock protein expression in female cardiomyocytes: cross-talk with NF
kappa B signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2004; 36: 577–84.
- Hirano S, Furutama D, Hanafusa T. Physiologically high concentrations
of 17beta-estradiol enhance NF-kappaB activity in human T cells. Am J
Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292: R1465–71.
- Jobin C, Morteau O, Han DS, Balfour Sartor R. Specific NF-kappaB
blockade selectively inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced
COX-2 but not constitutive COX-1 gene expression in HT-29 cells.
Immunology 1998; 95: 537–43.
- Polanczyk MJ, Carson BD, Subramanian S et al . Cutting edge:
estrogen drives expansion of the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell
compartment. J Immunol 2004; 173: 2227–30.
- Tai P, Wang J, Jin H et al . Induction of regulatory T cells by
physiological level estrogen. J Cell Physiol 2008; 214: 456–64.
- Ohira K, Nakahara A, Konnai S et al . Bovine leukemia virus
reduces anti-viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing
TGF-β secretion from regulatory T cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:
52–63.
- Goto S, Konnai S, Hirano Y et al . Upregulation of PD-L1
Expression by Prostaglandin E2 and the Enhancement of
IFN-g by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Combined With a COX-2 Inhibitor inMycoplasma bovis Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7: 12.
- Clarke CJ. The pathology and pathogenesis of paratuberculosis in
ruminants and other species. J Comp Pathol 1997; 116: 217–61.