Clinical characteristics Control subjects Chronic Acute p value
(n = 31) (n = 63) (n = 16)
Age (years: mean ± SD) 58 ± 9 56 ± 14 56 ± 12 NS
Gender (Male; %) 42 33 40 NS
CAD risk factors
Current smoker (%) 3 14 13 NS
Hypertension (%) 19 49 40 0.007
Diabetes (%) 3 15 13 NS
Hyperlipidemia (%) 29 53 40 0.05
Medications (%)
Aspirin 7 47 27 0.0001
β-Blockers 0 14 7 0.05
Ca++ antagonists 10 70 80 0.0001
ACE-inhibitors/ARB 23 43 33 0.07
Statins 29 47 27 0.12