1.0 Evergreen and deciduous oak
There are 18 evergreen and 5 deciduous California Quercus andFagaceae species in this studies (Leaves of one hybrid species,Quercus Xalvordiana , show evergreen to deciduous.). The comparison of lengths of equatorial and polar axis between evergreen and deciduous oak pollen did not show significant difference. However, and P/E ratios between pollen specimens of evergreen and that of deciduous oaks show significant difference (p = 0.03174; p <0.05) under statistic tests under R program (Rattle package). The results infer shorter furrows in deciduous oak pollen than that in evergreen oak pollen. Three species, Quercus cornelius-mulleri , Quercus engelmannii , and Quercus john-tuckeri , which posse psilate surface feature under SEM are all evergreen oak. We did not run Moran’s test by evergreen and deciduous categories because each of category is not monophyletic.