Elsewhere in the world, the effect of wind energy facilities on other harriers (Circus spp.) appears to have been relatively minor. Few fatalities are recorded for North American Northern Harriers Circus hudsonius (7 deaths in 17 years at Altamont:  \citep{b2008} and from the three Circus species found in Europe \citep{frank2011,Wilson_2016}. However, in the secondary literature there are over a hundred mortality records of European harriers \citep{2006,a2014,brandeburg2020}, putting them in the top 25% of raptors experiencing wind farm deaths \cite{brandeburg2020}. The reason why relatively few harrier could be that they "show particular caution around turbines" (\citealt*{Smallwood_2009}) or breeding birds tend to move away from operational wind farms \citep{Dohm_2019}. Hen Harriers breeding in Ireland tended to move away from operational turbines and few fatalities were recorded over a decade long study \citep{Wilson_2016}. The same was found with Montagu's Harriers  Circus pygargus  followed with GPS trackers breeding near wind farms which showed significant macro-avoidance behaviours around turbines \citep{Schaub_2020}.