2-4 Definitions for successful and failed therapies
Response to treatment was defined as the following criteria: (1) “successful” as normalization of increased trans-prosthetic gradient on echocardiographic examinations associated with a normal or an acceptable leaflet motion by fluoroscopy in the absence of major adverse events; (2) “partially successful” as a partial decrease in gradients on echocardiography and a partial improvement in leaflet motion by fluoroscopy; (3) “ineffective” as no improvement in Doppler indices on echocardiography and leaflet mobility by fluoroscopy.