Values* Variables
42/67 Number of patients/episodes
45.5 ± 14.3 Age, years )episodes)
28(66.6%)/47(70.1%) Female, n (patients/episodes)
1.72 ± 0.21 BSA, m2 (episodes)
Clinical presentations in episodes Clinical presentations in episodes
31 (46.3%) Dyspnea
4 (6%) Chest pain
18 (26.8%) Significant edema**
10 (14.9%) Ascites
12 (17.9%) Increased JVP
2 (3%) Hypotension
15 (22.4%) Reduced click
NYHA functional class in episodes
14 (20.9%) I-II
17 (25.4%) III-IV
Mechanical prosthetic valve in episodes Mechanical prosthetic valve in episodes
26 (38.8%) St. Jude Medical
24 (35.8%) Carbomedics (Standard)
15 (22.9%) Carbomedics (Orbis)
2 (2.9%) Unknown
31 (27-33) Prosthetic valve size***
50 (0.4-276) Elapsed time from valve surgery, months***
Anticoagulation status Anticoagulation status
2.27 (1.7-3.1) Admission INR
43 (70%) Sub-therapeutic INR <3
52 (82%) Sub-therapeutic INR <3.5
48 (71.6%) Aspirin use
TV pathology in patients TV pathology in patients
28 (66.6%) RHD
12 (28.5%) CHD
2 (4.7%) IE
Concomitant valvular surgeries in patients/episodes Concomitant valvular surgeries in patients/episodes
25 (59.5%)/41 (61.1%) MVR
11 (26.1%)/17 (25.3%) AVR
4 (9.5%)/11(16.4%) Redo TVR
Other comorbidities Other comorbidities
6 (14.3%) Hypertension
2 (4.8%) Diabetes mellitus
1 (2.3%) Coronary artery disease
1 (2.3%) Prior cerebrovascular events
38 (56.7%) Atrial fibrillation in episodes
9 (21.4%) Permanent pacemaker in patients