INTRODUCTION
Over the past several decades cardiac catheterization considered one of
the most important tools that used in the management of congenital heart
diseases. There is minimal risk of adverse events in most cardiac
catheterization procedures in the current era1–5. In
certain conditions however, cardiac catheterization may carry a
relatively important risk of major adverse events especially in
critically ill patients especially after congenital heart surgery.
Despite this risk, the role of catheterization is considered essential
in critically ill patients after congenital heart surgery in which there
is a residual lesion or unexpected progress. Data and experience in this
field is growing 6,7.