Physiochemical methods |
Blending |
Simple adsorption of
functionalized additives to surface |
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Acid etching
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Surface roughening
Surface oxidation
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Plasma treatments
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“Dry” surface engineering technique
Effective and universal method for all types of organic surfaces
Introduction of reactive functional groups on the surface
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Plasma sputtering & etching
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Materials/impurities removal
Surface roughening
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Plasma polymerization
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Thin polymer films deposition
Good adhesion between the substrate and deposited layer
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Photon irradiation
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Feasible to small and localized area
Highly accurate surface topography altering
Polar surface functional groups generation by controlled surface
photo-oxidation
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Ion-beam deposition
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Surface patterning
Effective in controlling hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance
Optimal durability of the modified surface
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Lithography
Photolithography
Ion lithography
Electron lithography
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Surface micro- & nano-structuring
|
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Thin film coating |
Physical adsorption through weak forces
(hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces & electrostatic
interaction) |
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Dip coating
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Simple and effective
Homogeneous & smooth layer coating
Controllable film thickness
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Spin coating
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Controllable film thickness
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Langmuir-Blodgett Films
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Possible multi-layer deposition with controlled internal structure
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Layer-by-layer assembly
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Multi-layer deposition based on electrostatic interactions
Suitable for various topography and structure
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Covalent immobilization
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Strong adhesion to the surface
Reactive functional groups on surface required
Surface pre-activation of chemically inert surface required
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Biological methods
(Biomolecules (BMs) immobilization)
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Physical adsorption
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No chemical modification included
Unstable & reversable interactions between BMs and surface
Potential steric hindrance to proteins & peptides with long
sequence
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Covalent immobilization
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Strong attachment of BMs to surface
Surface functional groups required
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