Methods
A total of 1,670 patients who underwent a single ventricular or
dual-chamber transvenous PPM implantation at our hospital between
January 2003 and December 2017 were included in the study. Patients with
prior valvular surgery, heart failure (HF), and baseline abnormal TR and
TRPG were excluded. Finally, a total of 1,075 patients were enrolled in
this study. Progressive TR was defined as increased TR grade of ≥2
degrees and/or TRPG of >30 mmHg after implant.