References
Abdi, R., & Endreny, T. (2019). A River Temperature Model to Assist
Managers in Identifying Thermal Pollution Causes and Solutions.Water, 11 (5), 17. doi:10.3390/w11051060
Baker, D. B., Richards, R. P., Loftus, T. T., & Kramer, J. W. (2004). A
new flashiness index: Characteristics and applications to midwestern
rivers and streams. Journal of the American Water Resources
Association, 40 (2), 503-522. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01046.x
Bernhardt, E. S., Band, L. E., Walsh, C. J., & Berke, P. E. (2008).
Understanding, managing, and minimizing urban impacts on surface water
nitrogen loading. In R. S. Ostfeld & W. H. Schlesinger (Eds.),Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology 2008 (Vol. 1134, pp.
61-96). Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bivand, R. S., & Wong, D. W. S. (2018). Comparing implementations of
global and local indicators of spatial association. Test, 27 (3),
716-748. doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x
Booth, D. B., & Jackson, C. R. (1997). Urbanization of aquatic systems:
Degradation thresholds, stormwater detection, and the limits of
mitigation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,
33 (5), 1077-1090. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04126.x
Brown, L. R., Cuffney, T. F., Coles, J. F., Fitzpatrick, F., McMahon,
G., Steuer, J., . . . May, J. T. (2009). Urban streams across the USA:
lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas. Journal of
the North American Benthological Society, 28 (4), 1051-1069.
doi:10.1899/08-153.1
Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W.,
Sharpley, A. N., & Smith, V. H. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface
waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications,
8 (3), 559-568. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:nposww]2.0.co;2
Cockerill, K., & Anderson, W. P. (2014). Creating False Images: Stream
Restoration in an Urban Setting. Journal of the American Water
Resources Association, 50 (2), 468-482. doi:10.1111/jawr.12131
Colorado Departmet of Public Health & Environment. Regulation 85
Nutrients management control regulation, CO Admin. Rules, 5 CCR 1002-85
(2012)
Colorado Departmet of Public Health & Environment. (2018).Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report . State
of Colorado
Colorado Departmet of Public Health and Environment. Regulation 31 The
basic standards and methodologies for surface water, CO Admin. Rules, 5
CCR 1002-31 (2017)
Colorado State Demography Office. (2020). Preliminary Population
Forcasts by Region, 2010-2050. Retrieved from
https://demography.dola.colorado.gov/population/
Das, B., Nordin, R., & Mazumder, A. (2009). Watershed land use as a
determinant of metal concentrations in freshwater systems.Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 31 (6), 595-607.
doi:10.1007/s10653-008-9244-z
Dennehy, K. F., Litke, D. W., McMahon, P. B., Heiny, J. S., & Tate, C.
M. (1995). Water-Quality Assessment of the South Platte River
Basin, Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming- Analysis of Available Nutrient,
Suspended- Sediment, and Pesticide Data, Water Years 1980-92 . United
States Department of the Interior
Dennehy, K. F., Litke, D. W., Tate, C. M., Qi, S. L., McMahon, P. B.,
Bruce, B. W., . . . Heiny, J. S. (1998). Water Quality in the
South Platte River Basin .
Denver Environmental Health. (2016). Water Quality Update: An
overview of water quality in Denver’s streams .
Denver Water. (2020). Collection System. Retrieved from
https://www.denverwater.org/your-water/water-supply-and-planning/collection-system
Diya’uddeen, B. H., Daud, W., & Aziz, A. R. A. (2011). Treatment
technologies for petroleum refinery effluents: A review. Process
Safety and Environmental Protection, 89 (2), 95-105.
doi:10.1016/j.psep.2010.11.003
Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Rice, E. W., Greenberg, A. E., &
Franson, M. H. (Eds.). (2005). Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water & Wastewater (21 ed.). Baltimore: United Book
Press, Inc.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, (1972).
Garmin Ltd. (2020). Retrieved from garmin.com
Glinska-Lewczuk, K., Golas, I., Koc, J., Gotkowska-Plachta, A., Harnisz,
M., & Rochwerger, A. (2016). The impact of urban areas on the water
quality gradient along a lowland river. Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment, 188 (11), 15. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5638-z
Graf, W. L. (2001). Damage control: Restoring the physical integrity of
America’s rivers. Annals of the Association of American
Geographers, 91 (1), 1-27. doi:10.1111/0004-5608.00231
Gregory, M. B., & Calhoun, D. L. (2007). Physical, chemical, and
biological responses of streams to increasing watershed urbanization in
the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Alabama, Chapter B of Effects of
urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the
United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report
2006–5101-B .
Groffman, P. M., Law, N. L., Belt, K. T., Band, L. E., & Fisher, G. T.
(2004). Nitrogen fluxes and retention in urban watershed ecosystems.Ecosystems, 7 (4), 393-403. doi:10.1007/s10021-003-0039-x
Hach CO. (2020). Retrieved from Hach.com
Harrison, J. A., Maranger, R. J., Alexander, R. B., Giblin, A. E.,
Jacinthe, P. A., Mayorga, E., . . . Wollheim, W. M. (2009). The regional
and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs.Biogeochemistry, 93 (1-2), 143-157. doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x
Heilman, K., & Schliemann, S. A. (2015). [Characterizing Water
Quality of the South Platte River from Cheesman Canyon to Brighton,
CO]. Umpublished raw data.
Herb, W. R., Janke, B., Mohseni, O., & Stefan, H. G. (2008). Thermal
pollution of streams by runoff from paved surfaces. Hydrological
Processes, 22 (7), 987-999. doi:10.1002/hyp.6986
Hokanson, K. E. F., Kleiner, C. F., & Thorslund, T. W. (1977). Effects
of Constant Temperatures and Diel Temperature-Fluctuations on Specific
Growth and Mortality-Rates and Yield of Juvenile Rainbow-Trout,
Salmo-Gairdneri. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, 34 (5), 639-648. doi:10.1139/f77-100
Larned, S. T., Snelder, T., Unwin, M. J., & McBride, G. B. (2016).
Water quality in New Zealand rivers: current state and trends. New
Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 50 (3), 389-417.
doi:10.1080/00288330.2016.1150309
Liu, J. P., Zhao, Y. Y., Yang, Y., Xu, S. H., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, X.
L., . . . Qiu, A. G. (2017). A Mixed Geographically and Temporally
Weighted Regression: Exploring Spatial-Temporal Variations from Global
and Local Perspectives. Entropy, 19 (2), 20. doi:10.3390/e19020053
Magdaleno, A., Puig, A., de Cabo, L., Salinas, C., Arreghini, S., Korol,
S., . . . Moretton, J. (2001). Water pollution in an urban Argentine
river. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,
67 (3), 408-415. Retrieved from <Go to
ISI>://WOS:000170374100014
Malmqvist, B., & Rundle, S. (2002). Threats to the running water
ecosystems of the world. Environmental Conservation, 29 (2),
134-153. doi:10.1017/s0376892902000097
Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. (2020). About Us. Retrieved from
http://www.metrowastewater.com/aboutus/Pages/default.aspx
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and Human
Well-being: Synthesis . Washington DC: Island Press.
Mosley, L. M. (2015). Drought impacts on the water quality of freshwater
systems; review and integration. Earth-Science Reviews, 140 ,
203-214. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.010
Nagy, R. C., Lockaby, B. G., Kalin, L., & Anderson, C. (2012). Effects
of urbanization on stream hydrology and water quality: the Florida Gulf
Coast. Hydrological Processes, 26 (13), 2019-2030.
doi:10.1002/hyp.8336
National Weather Service. (2020). Denver’s 2018 Annual Climate Summary.
Retrieved from
https://www.weather.gov/bou/Denver_2018_climate_summary
Olatunde, O. S., Olalekan, F. S., Beatrice, O. O., Bhekumusa, X. J.,
Zacheaus, O. O., & Kehinde, A. N. (2015). Nutrient Enrichment and
Hypoxia Threat in Urban Surface Water. Clean-Soil Air Water,
43 (2), 205-209. doi:10.1002/clen.201300292
Ord, J. K., & Getis, A. (1995). Local Spatial Autocorrelation
Statistics - Distributional Issues and an Application.Geographical Analysis, 27 (4), 286-306.
doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x
Ouyang, T. P., Zhu, Z. Y., & Kuang, Y. Q. (2006). Assessing impact of
urbanization on river water quality in the Pearl River Delta Economic
Zone, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 120 (1-3),
313-325. doi:10.1007/s10661-005-9064-x
Pasquini, A. I., Formica, S. M., & Sacchi, G. A. (2012). Hydrochemistry
and nutrients dynamic in the Suquia River urban catchment’s, Crdoba,
Argentina. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (2), 453-467.
doi:10.1007/s12665-011-0978-z
Paul, M. J., & Meyer, J. L. (2001). Streams in the urban landscape.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32 , 333-365.
doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114040
Peters, N. E. (2009). Effects of urbanization on stream water quality in
the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Hydrological Processes,
23 (20), 2860-2878. doi:10.1002/hyp.7373
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., & Sarkar, D., & R Core Team.
(2019). nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package
version 3.1-140. Retrieved from
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme
Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L.,
Richter, B. D., . . . Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The natural flow regime.Bioscience, 47 (11), 769-784. doi:10.2307/1313099
Rice, E. W., & Bridgewater, L. (Eds.). (2012). Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Vol. 22). Washington, DC:
American Public Health Association.
Rolls, R. J., Leigh, C., & Sheldon, F. (2012). Mechanistic effects of
low-flow hydrology on riverine ecosystems: ecological principles and
consequences of alteration. Freshwater Science, 31 (4), 1163-1186.
doi:10.1899/12-002.1
Schoonover, J. E., Lockaby, B. G., & Pan, S. (2005). Changes in
chemical and physical properties of stream water across an urban-rural
gradient in western Georgia. Urban Ecosystems, 8 (1), 107-124.
doi:10.1007/s11252-005-1422-5
Somers, K. A., Bernhardt, E. S., Grace, J. B., Hassett, B. A., Sudduth,
E. B., Wang, S. Y., & Urban, D. L. (2013). Streams in the urban heat
island: spatial and temporal variability in temperature.Freshwater Science, 32 (1), 309-326. doi:10.1899/12-046.1
Son, J. H., Goodwin, S., & Carlson, K. (2015). Total Phosphorus Input
to the Cache la Poudre River in Northern Colorado. Water
Environment Research, 87 (2), 169-178.
doi:10.2175/106143014x14062131179393
Strange, E. M., Fausch, K. D., & Covich, A. P. (1999). Sustaining
ecosystem services in human-dominated watersheds: Biohydrology and
ecosystem processes in the South Platte River Basin. Environmental
Management, 24 (1), 39-54. Retrieved from <Go to
ISI>://WOS:000080692300004
Szita, R., Horvath, A., Winkler, D., Kalicz, P., Gribovszki, Z., &
Csaki, P. (2019). A complex urban ecological investigation in a
mid-sized Hungarian city - SITE assessment and monitoring of a liveable
urban area, PART 1: Water quality measurement. Journal of
Environmental Management, 247 , 78-87. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.063
Trimble, D. E., Machette, M. N., Moore, D. W., & Murry, K. E.
(Cartographer). (2003). Geologic Map of the Greater Denver Area, Front
Range Urban Corridor, Colorado
Trout Unlimited. (2020). Retrieved from tu.org
United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018
Revision . New York: United Nations
United States Census. (2020). United States Census. Retrieved from
census.gov
United States Geological Survey. (2020). National Water Information
System: Web Interface. Retrieved from
https://waterdata.usgs.gov/co/nwis/uv?site_no=06711565
Wake, H. (2005). Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on
the aquatic environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,
62 (1-2), 131-140. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2004.08.013
Walsh, C. J., Roy, A. H., Feminella, J. W., Cottingham, P. D., Groffman,
P. M., & Morgan, R. P. (2005). The urban stream syndrome: current
knowledge and the search for a cure. Journal of the North American
Benthological Society, 24 (3), 706-723. doi:10.1899/04-020.1
Wang, L. Z., Lyons, J., & Kanehl, P. (2003). Impacts of urban land
cover on trout streams in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Transactions of
the American Fisheries Society, 132 (5), 825-839. doi:10.1577/t02-099
Waskom, R. M. (2013). Report to the Colorado Legislature HB12-1278
Study of the South Platte River Alluvial Aquifer . Retrieved from
Wikle, C. K., Zammit-Mangion, A., & Cressie, N. (2019).Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R . Boca Raton, FL: Chapman &
Hall/CRC.
Zhang, L., Shao, S. H., Liu, C., Xu, T. T., & Fan, C. X. (2015). Forms
of Nutrients in Rivers Flowing into Lake Chaohu: A Comparison between
Urban and Rural Rivers. Water, 7 (8), 4523-4536.
doi:10.3390/w7084523