Abbreviations
APTT = activated partial thromboplastin time
AT-III = antithrombin III
AUC(0–8) = area under curve within 8 hours
BSA = bovine serum albumin
BLI = bio-layer interferometry
dFG = depolymerized FG
dp = degree of polymerization
DS = dermatan sulfate
EC2.0× = oligosaccharides concentration required to
double clotting time
ED50 = 50% effective dose
Emax = the maximum effect
ESI-Q-TOF MS = negativeion electrospray ionization quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometry
f.VII = factor VII
f.VIII = factor VIII
f.X = factor X
f.XII = factor XII
f.IIa = activated factor II, thrombin
f.VIIa = activated f.VII
f.VIIIa = activated factor VIII
f.IXa = activated factor IXa
f.Xa = activated factor Xa
f.XIa = activated factor XIa
f.XIIa = activated factor XII
FG = fucosylated glycosaminoglycan
FucS = sulfated fucose
Fuc3S4S = 3,4-di-O-sulfated-fucose
Fuc2S4S = 2,4-di-O-sulfated-fucose
Fuc4S = 4-O-sulfated-fucose
GalNAc = N-acetyl galactosamine
GlcA = glucuronic acid
GPC = gel permeation chromatography
HCII = heparin cofactor II
HPGPC = high performance gel permeation chromatography
iXase = intrinsic Xase, i.e., the f.IXa-f.VIIIa complex
IC50 = the concentration of compounds inhibiting 50%
protease activity
LMWH = low-molecular-weight heparin
Mw = molecular weight
MWCO = molecular weight cutoff
NS = normal saline
OD405nm = optical density at 405 nm
OSCS = oversulfated chondroitin sulfate
PEG = polyethylene glycol
PPP = poor platelets plasma
PRP = platelets rich plasma
PT = prothrombin time
SD = standard deviation
t1/2 = half life
TF = tissue factor
TT = thrombin time
WP = washed platelets
ΔOD405nm/min = change rate of absorbance at 405 nm
ΔU = unsaturated uronic acid, 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic
acid