References
Agence Régionale de Santé. (2020). Press release - Coronavirus:
situation point in New Aquitaine. Retrieved from
https://www.nouvelle-aquitaine.ars.sante.fr/communique-de-presse-coronavirus-point-de-situation-en-nouvelle-aquitaine-du-29032020
Bazett HC. (1920). An analysis of the time-relations of
electrocardiograms. Heart 7: 353-370.
Binding L. (2020). Coronavirus: Man dies after ingesting chloroquine in
attempt to ward off COVID-19. Sky News. Retrieved from
https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-man-dies-after-ingesting-chloroquine-in-attempt-to-ward-off-covid-19-11962685
Bondurand PA, N’Dri K, Coffi S, Saracino E. (1980). L’intoxication a la
chloroquine au C.H.U. Abidjan. Afr Méd 179: 239-242.
Buckley NA, Smith AJ, Dosen P, O’Connell DL. (1996). Effects of
catecholamines and diazepam in chloroquine poisoning in barbiturate
anaesthetised rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 15(11): 909-914.
Burns KF, De Lannoy CW Jr. (1966). Compendium of normal blood values of
laboratory animals with indication of variations. I. Random-sexed
populations of small animals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 8(3): 429-437.
Busari S, Adebayo B. (2020). Nigeria records chloroquine poisoning after
Trump endorses it for coronavirus treatment. CNN News. Retrieved from
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/23/africa/chloroquine-trump-nigeria-intl/index.html
Clemessy JL, Angel G, Borron SW, Ndiaye M, Le Brun F, Julien H, Galliot
M, Vicaut E, Baud FJ. (1996). Therapeutic trial of diazepam versus
placebo in acute chloroquine intoxications of moderate gravity.
Intensive Care Med 22(12): 1400-1405.
Clemessy JL, Favier C, Borron SW, Hantson PE, Vicaut E, Baud FJ. (1995).
Hypokalaemia related to acute chloroquine ingestion. Lancet 346(8979):
877-880.
Coker SJ, Batey AJ, Lightbown ID, Díaz ME, Eisner DA. (2000). Effects of
mefloquine on cardiac contractility and electrical activity in vivo, in
isolated cardiac preparations, and in single ventricular myocytes. Br J
Pharmacol 129(2): 323-330.
Collado MC, Beleta J, Martinez E, Miralpeix M, Domènech T, Palacios JM,
Hernández J. (1998). Functional and biochemical evidence for diazepam as
a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol
123(6): 1047-1054.
Crouzette J, Vicaut E, Palombo S, Girre C, Fournier PE. (1983).
Experimental assessment of the protective activity of diazepam on the
acute toxicity of chloroquine. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 20(3): 271-279.
Curtis MJ, Alexander S, Cirino G, Docherty JR, George CH, Giembycz MA,
Hoyer D, Insel PA, Izzo AA, Ji Y, MacEwan DJ, Sobey CG, Stanford SC,
Teixeira MM, Wonnacott S, Ahluwalia A. (2018). Experimental design and
analysis and their reporting II: updated and simplified guidance for
authors and peer reviewers. Br J Pharmacol 175(7): 987-993.
Demaziere J, Saissy JM, Vitris M, Seck M, Ndiaye M, Gaye M, Marcoux L.
(1992). Effects of diazepam on mortality from acute chloroquine
poisoning Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 11(2): 164-167.
Djelardje S. (1976). Intoxications volontaires par la chloroquine. Thése
Méd. Université d’Abidjan.
Essien EE, Ette EI. (1986). Effects of chloroquine and
didesethylchloroquine on rabbit myocardium and mitochondria. J Pharm
Pharmacol 38(7): 543-546.
Ferner RE, Aronson JK. (2020). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in
covid-19. BMJ 369:m1432.
Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Request for Emergency Use
Authorization For Use of Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine
Sulfate Supplied From the Strategic National Stockpile for Treatment of
2019 Coronavirus Disease. Retrieved from
https://www.fda.gov/media/136534/download
Gnassounou JP, Advenier C. (1988). Les effets antagonistes du diazépam
et du Ro5-4864 dans l’intoxication aiguë par la chloroquine chez le rat
et chez le cobaye sont-ils de nature centrale ou périphérique? Réanin
Soins Intens Méd Urg 4: 61-62.
Ikhinmwin MK, Sofola OA, Elebute O. (1981). The effects of calcium ions
on the depression of cardiac contractility by chloroquine and quinine.
Eur J Pharmacol 69(4): 507-510.
Indian Council of Medical Research. (2020). Recommendation for empiric
use of hydroxy-chloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Retrieved from
https://icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/upload_documents/HCQ_Recommendation_22March_final_MM.pdf
Jaeger A, Sauder P, Kopferschmitt J, Flesch F. (1987). Clinical features
and management of poisoning due to antimalarial drugs. Med Toxicol
Adverse Drug Exp 2(4): 242-273.
Jones AL. (2015). Chloroquine and quinine. In: Brent J, Burkhart K,
Dargan P, Hatten B, Megarbane B, Palmer R, White J. (eds) Critical Care
Toxicology: Diagnosis and Management of the Critically Poisoned Patient.
Springer, Cham. 1-16.
Juan-Fita MJ, Vargas ML, Hernández J. (2003). Comparative actions of
diazepam and other phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the effects of
noradrenaline in rat myocardium. Pharmacol Toxicol 93(1): 23-28.
Juan-Fita MJ, Vargas ML, Hernández J. (2006). Diazepam enhances
inotropic responses to dopamine in rat ventricular myocardium. Anesth
Analg 102(3): 676-681.
Kilkenny C, Browne W, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG; NC3Rs Reporting
Guidelines Working Group. (2010). Animal research: reporting in vivo
experiments: the ARRIVE guidelines. Br J Pharmacol 160(7): 1577-1579.
Kim KS, Lee HA, Cha SW, Kwon MS, Kim EJ. (2010). Blockade of hERG K(+)
channel by antimalarial drug, primaquine. Arch Pharm Res 33(5): 769-773.
Latini R, Zuanetti G, Conforti L, Schwartz PJ, Lazzara R. (1988).
Demonstration of a different sensitivity to epinephrine in isolated and
in vivo hearts. Eur J Pharmacol 156(1): 87-94.
Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Chanthavanich P, Edwards G, Nicholl DD, Bunch
C, Warrell DA. (1986). Cardiovascular toxicity and distribution kinetics
of intravenous chloroquine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22(1): 31-36.
Martinez E, Peñafiel R, Collado MC, Hernández J. (1995). Diazepam
potentiates the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline in rat
ventricle strips: role of cyclic AMP. Eur J Pharmacol 282(1-3): 169-175.
McGrath JC, McLachlan EM, Zeller R. (2015). Transparency in Research
involving Animals: The Basel Declaration and new principles for
reporting research in BJP manuscripts. Br J Pharmacol 172(10):
2427-2432.
Meeran K, Jacobs MG. (1993). Chloroquine poisoning. Rapidly fatal
without treatment. BMJ 307(6895): 49-50.
Michel D, Wegener JW, Nawrath H. (2002). Effects of quinine and
quinidine on the transient outward and on the L-type Ca(2+) current in
rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Pharmacology 65(4): 187-192.
Penefsky ZJ. (1994). The determinants of contractility in the heart.
Comp Biochem Physiol Physiol 109(1): 1-22.
Rajah A. The use of diazepam in chloroquine poisoning. Anaesthesia.
1990;45(11):955-7.
Reuter N, Heeg E. (1971). Action of antiarrhythmic and -receptor
blocking drugs on functional refractory period and contractility of
electrically stimulated guinea-pig atria. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch
Pharmakol 268(3): 323-333.
Richter W, Xie M, Scheitrum C, Krall J, Movsesian MA, Conti M. (2011).
Conserved expression and functions of PDE4 in rodent and human heart.
Basic Res Cardiol 106(2): 249-262.
Riou B, Barriot P, Rimailho A, Baud FJ. (1988a). Treatment of severe
chloroquine poisoning. N Engl J Med 318(1): 1-6.
Riou B, Lecarpentier Y, Barriot P, Viars P. (1989). Diazepam does not
improve the mechanical performance of rat cardiac papillary muscle
exposed to chloroquine in vitro. Intensive Care Med 15(6): 390-395.
Riou B, Rimailho A, Galliot M, Bourdon R, Huet Y. (1988b). Protective
cardiovascular effects of diazepam in experimental acute chloroquine
poisoning. Intensive Care Med 14(6): 610-616.
Rodríguez-Menchaca AA, Navarro-Polanco RA, Ferrer-Villada T, Rupp J,
Sachse FB, Tristani-Firouzi M, Sánchez-Chapula JA. (2008). The molecular
basis of chloroquine block of the inward rectifier Kir2.1 channel. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 105(4): 1364-1368.
Salinas EM, Cebada J. (1993). Chloroquine selectively blocks the inward
rectifying potassium channel in dog cardiac myocytes. J Cell Mol Cardiol
25: S77.
Sánchez-Chapula JA, Salinas-Stefanon E, Torres-Jácome J, Benavides-Haro
DE, Navarro-Polanco RA. (2001). Blockade of currents by the antimalarial
drug chloroquine in feline ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
297(1): 437-445.
SimpliCity. (2020). 4-year-old girl near Coimbatore dies after parents
administer hydroxy-chloroquine drug as COVID-19 preventive medicine.
Retrieved from https://www.simplicity.in/news-detail.php?id=63393
Sofola OA. (1980). The cardiovascular effect of chloroquine in
anaesthetized dogs. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 58: 836-841.
Surinkaew S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. (2011). Roles of
mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor in the heart. Can J Cardiol 27(2):
262.e3-13.
Tona L, Ng YC, Akera T, Brody TM. (1990). Depressant effects of
chloroquine on the isolated guinea-pig heart. Eur J Pharmacol 178(3):
293-301.
Wang JK, Taniguchi T, Spector S. (1984). Structural requirements for the
binding of benzodiazepines to their peripheral-type sites. Mol Pharmacol
25(3): 349-351.
Weniger H, World Health Organization. (1979). Review of side effects
and toxicity of chloroquine / by H. Weniger. Geneva: World health
Organization. Retrieved from
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65773
WHO Evidence Review Group. (2016). The cardiotoxicity of antimalarials.
Malaria Policy Advisory Committee. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/malaria/mpac/mpac-mar2017-erg-cardiotoxicity-report-session2.pdf
Xuan Z. (2020). Wuhan woman who was not infected with the new
coronavirus, but bought and overdosed on prescription drugs, was sent to
ICU. The Paper. Retrieved from
https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_6148935
Yanturali S. (2004). Diazepam for treatment of massive chloroquine
intoxication. Resuscitation 63(3): 347-348.
Zeegers A, van Wilgenburg H, Leeuwin RS. (1998). Cardiac effects of
benzodiazepine receptor agonists and antagonists in the isolated rat
heart: a comparative study. Life Sci 63(16): 1439-1456.