As it is noted previously, in the current modeling, the SST \(k\omega\)turbulence model [61] has been assumed as the turbulence model. This
turbulence model is presented to have a better prediction in the flow
conditions, including strong acceleration, large normal strain,
separating flow and adverse pressure gradients, which can happen in the
hybrid nanofluid flow appearances near the walls. The specific
dissipation rate (\(\omega\)) and the turbulence kinetic energy (\(k\))
in the SST \(k\omega\) model may be achieved from the equations which
are as follow: