Treatment Goal of treatment Effectiveness
Ocular massage Dislodgement of the embolus One case report reported vision improvement.10
Paracentesis Reduction of intraocular pressure No evidence of benefit
Acetazolamide Reduction of intraocular pressure No evidence of benefit
Alprostadil Improvement of blood flow Vision improvement in all 6 patients11
Nitrates Improvement of blood flow No evidence of benefit
Hyperbaric oxygen Improvement of blood oxygen No evidence of benefit
Inhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide Improvement of blood oxygen No evidence of benefit
Rebreathing of expired carbon dioxide Improvement of blood oxygen No evidence of benefit
Heparin Thrombolysis of the embolus No evidence of benefit
Thrombolysis Thrombolysis of the embolus Effective with papaverine in 21/50 (42%) of patients12
Retrograde injection of papaverine Prevention of vasospasm Effective with urokinase in 21/50 (42%) of patients12
Pentoxifylline Reduction of red blood cell rigidity No evidence of benefit
Steroids Reduction of retinal edema No evidence of benefit
Laser arteriotomy and embolectomy Lysis or dislodgement of the embolus Two case reports reported vision improvement.13