Hai-yan Chen

and 5 more

Background: Dexmedetomidine could be an ideal adjuvant to propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy because it provides both analgesia and sedation without respiratory depression. This study investigates the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the median effective concentration of propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: 90 adult patients were randomly assigned to Group Control , Group DEX0.5 (0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine), or Group DEX1.0 (1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine) . Anaesthesia during endoscopy was implemented by plasma target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol with different doses of dexmedetomidine. TCI concentration of the first patient for each group was 2.5 μg/ml and the consecutive adjacent concentration gradient was 0.5 μg/mL. EC50 of TCI propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy was determined by using the modified Dixon’s up-and-down method. Cardiovascular variables were also measured. Results: EC50 of TCI propofol and 95% confidence interval (CI) for gastrointestinal endoscopy were, 3.77 (3.48-4.09), 2.51 (2.27-2.78) and 2.10 (1.90-2.33) μg/mL in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0. The average percent change from baseline in HR was 2.8 (8.9), -7.4 (7.7) and -10.5 (8.8) (P<0.001), and the average percent change from baseline in MAP was -10.6 [-24.7; 3.5], -9.5 [-29.2; 11.4] and -4.0 [-27.3; 15.5] (P = 0.034) in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0, respectively. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine reduced the EC50 of TCI propofol. A 0.5-1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine caused a decrease in HR without bradycardia. The decrease in dosage of propofol with increasing doses of dexmedetomidine caused more stable MAP. Dexmedetomidine is an ideal adjuvant drug to propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Hua Yang

and 6 more

Abstract Background: Propofol may result in hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of protective reflexes, especially in elderly patients, while esketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, has analgesic, anaesthetic and sympathomimetic properties and is known to cause less cardiorespiratory depression. We hypothesized that esketamine may reduce the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol and cause more stable haemodynamic responses during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. Methods: Ninety elderly patients, aged 65-89 years, undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned into three groups: SK0.25 group (0.25 mg/kg esketamine), SK0.5 group (0.5 mg/kg esketamine) and saline control group. Anaesthesia was achieved by target-controlled infusion of propofol with an initial plasma concentration of 2.5 μg/ml with different bolus doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy. The EC50 of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy was determined by using an up-and-down method of Dixon with an adjacent concentration gradient at 0.5μg/mL to prohibit purposeful movements. Cardiovascular parameters were also measured and recorded. Results: Propofol EC50 and its 95% confidence interval for gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients were 1.71 (1.15-2.27) μg/mL in SK0.5 group, 2.45 (1.85-3.05) μg/mL in SK0.25 group and 3.69 (2.59-4.78) μg/mL in control group respectively (P < 0.05). The average percent change to baseline mean arterial pressure (MBP) was -19.7 (7.55), -15.2 (7.14) and -10.1 (6.73) with P<0.001, in the control group, the SK0.25 group and the SK0.5 group, respectively. Conclusions: Combination medication of propofol with esketamine reduced the propofol EC50 during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients and caused more stable haemodynamic responses compared with single administration of propofol.

Hua Yang

and 4 more

Aims: It is generally accepted that geriatric patients are more sensitive to propofol than adults; thus, a dose-adjusted propofol is recommended for these patients during the induction of anesthesia. However, for patients aged 75 years and over, established guidelines do not provide dose references for the anesthesiologists. To this end, we observed 80 surgical patients (female 39, male 41, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ) to access the appropriate dose of propofol for inducing loss of consciousness (LOC). Methods: Patients were subdivided into group A (20 patients, 45~64 yr), group B (20 patients, 65~74 yr), group C (20 patients, 75~84 yr), and group D (20 patients, ≥ 85 yr). All patients received propofol (at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg/min) alone for inducing LOC, which was defined by loss of both eyelash reflex and verbal response. Results: Compared with group A, the propofol requirement for LOC in Group B, C and D decreased by 14.8%, 25.2% and 38.5%, respectively. Bivariate linear correlation analysis showed that propofol requirement was negatively correlated with age. After adjusting for potential confounders, age was still an independent factor affecting propofol requirement. Conclusion: The propofol requirement for inducing LOC decreased significantly in elderly patients. We demonstrated that age was an independent factor impacting propofol requirement for LOC during the induction of general anesthesia, implying that the propofol dose for anesthesia induction should be further reduced in elderly surgical patients, especially those aged 75 years and over.

Yu-Gang Lu

and 6 more

Aim Norepinephrine (NE) is often administered during the perioperative period of liver transplantation. However, its role and safety profile have yet to be evaluated in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of intraoperative NE infusion on recipients’ survival following pediatric LDLT. Methods A retrospective study of 430 pediatric patients receiving LDLT between 2014 and 2016 at Renji Hospital was conducted. We evaluated patient survival among recipients who received intraoperative NE infusion (NE group, 85 recipients) and those that did not (Non-NE group, 345 recipients). Results The number of children aged over 24 months and weighing more than 10 kg in NE group was more than that in Non-NE group. And children in NE group had longer operative time, longer anhepatic phase time and more fluid infusion. After multivariate regression analysis and propensity score regression adjusting for confounding factors to determine the influence of intraoperative NE infusion on patient survival, the NE group had a 169% more probability of dying. Although there was no difference in mean arterial pressure changes relative to the baseline between the two groups, we did observe increased heart rates in NE group compared with those of the Non-NE group at anhepatic phase (P=0.025), neohepatic phase (P=0.012) and operation end phase (P=0.017) of the operation. Conclusion Intraoperative NE infusion was associated with poor prognosis for pediatric LDLT recipients. We recommend the application of NE during pediatric LDLT should be indicated carefully to avoid potentially hazardous effects.