Apoptosis, cell cycle and cell adhesion assay
Cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V/PI staining. In brief, the cells were measured by flow cytometry after addition of FITC-conjugated annexin V and PI as previously described (Azeem et al., 2017). Annexin V+ / PI- and annexin V+ / PI+ were considered as apoptotic cells in the early and late phase, respectively. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry on a FACScan (Becton Dickinson).
For cell cycle analysis, cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) as described in (Sun et al., 2010b), and the cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry on a FACScan (Becton Dickinson). The percentages of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2 phases were counted and compared.
Cell adhesion assay was performed as reported (Li et al., 2012).