Background
Previous reports demonstrated that the early recurrence of atrial
fibrillation (ERAF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was associated
with the inflammatory process. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)
and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been proposed as indicators
of a systemic inflammatory response. However the relationship between
NLR/PLR and clinical outcomes after PVI remains unclear.
Methods and Results We enrolled 633 consecutive atrial
fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent PVI from September 2014 to June
2018. The NLR and PLR in peripheral blood leukocytes 1 day before and
36-48 hours after PVI were measured. We compared the NLR and PLR changes
in each parameter (ΔNLR and ΔPLR) between a late recurrence of AF group
after the PVI (LRAF, during 1 year after PVI) and the no-LRAF group. We
also evaluated the relationship between the ΔNLR /ΔPLR and pulmonary
vein (PV) reconnections in repeated ablation procedures. The LRAF
patients consisted of 151 patients (23.9%). The ΔNLR and ΔPLR were
significantly higher in the LRAF group than no-LRAF group (p=0.021,
p=0.011). The ΔNLR in the initial ablation sessions was significantly
higher in patients with right PVs reconnections than in those without in
the repeat ablation sessions (0.914±1.199 vs 2.316±3.615, p=0.032).