Results
Three recent studies reporting on all-cause mortality with PPI use were identified that met our inclusion criteria; each having a different study design 17-19. One systematic review out of 103 was identified that specifically included all-cause mortality as an outcome in its protocol. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a longitudinal cohort study that were published after the date of our search for SRs met our inclusion criteria. Figure 1 shows selection process and provides the reasons why some articles were excluded. Table 1 provides detailed characteristics of the included studies. Supplementary file shows a bibliography sorted by harm type.