Type of study (Reference)
Deaths n/N (%) Association (95% Confidence Interval) NNH
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 3 observational studies 17 Median follow up 1 year PPI: 765/4,775 (16%) Non-PPI users: 1,794/17,652 (10%) OR 1.68 (1.53–1.84)
US Veterans Affairs longitudinal cohort study 18 new users of PPI vs. H2RA Median follow up 10 years PPI: 59,771/157,625 (37.9%) H2RA: 20,287/56,842 (35.7%) HR 1.17 (1.10-1.24) 45.20 excess deaths/1,000 (28.20–61.40)
COMPASS RCT 19 Pantoprazole 40mg/d vs. placebo Median follow up 3 years PPI: 630/8791 (7.2%) Placebo: 614/8807 (7.0%) HR 1.03 (0.92–1.15)