Author, Year (Reference)
Death %
Association (95% Confidence Interval) NNH
Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease
Shiraev 201821
PPI: 2.4% Control: 1.8% OR 1.54 (1.11-2.13)
Xie 2019 18
PPI: 8.87% H2RA: 7.33% HR 1.25 (1.10-1.44) 15.48 excess deaths/1,000 (5.02–25.19)
Moayyedi 2019 19
PPI:7.9% Placebo:7.5% HR 1.04 (0.93–1.15)
Chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease
Xie 2019 18
PPI: 0.86 % H2RA: 0.44% HR 2.02 (1.31-3.00) 4.19 excess deaths/1,000 (1.56-6.58)