Western blotting
Total protein was extracted using RIPA lysis buffer (Applygen, Beijing, China). A total of 40 μg of protein was loaded into a 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel and electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% milk for 1 h, the membranes were incubated with specific antibodies at the indicated dilutions for 12–16 h at 4°C. The membranes were scanned using an Odyssey Sa Imaging System (LICOR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). The antibody information used in this study was shown in the supplementary material, Table 2.