FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1. Effect of salt stress on plant morphology and levels of endogenous phytohormones in leaves and roots of Pongamia pinnata . (A) Shoot and root morphology of Hoagland’s solution-grownP. pinnata plants after 30 days treated with three different salt concentrations 0 (control), 300 and 500 mM NaCl at three different time points 1, 4 and 8DAS. The levels of endogenous hormones (B and I) zeatin, (C and J) IAA, (D and K) IBA, (E and L) MeJA, (F and M) SA, (G and N) ABA and (H and O) JA in leaves and roots of 0 (control), 300 and 500 mM NaCl treated plants at three different time points1, 4 and 8DAS respectively. Error bar represents the mean ± SD (n=6). Two-way ANOVA test was performed to measure P-values ns (not significant) * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01) and * * * (p<0.001) respectively.
Figure 2. Hierarchical cluster analysis and heat map of hormone-hormone correlation matrix in P. pinnata under different NaCl treatments. Each correlation value (based on Pearson correlation coefficient) corresponds to average of six biological replicates. HAC analysis performed among the hormones at each individual time points (A and D) 1DAS, (B and E) 4DAS, (C and F) 8DAS in leaves as well as (G and J) 1DAS, (H and K) 4DAS, (I and L) 8DAS in roots of 300 and 500 mM NaCl treated plants. The color key and histogram show degree of correlation.
Figure 3. Heat map of hierarchical clustering of metabolite-metabolite correlations in leaves and roots of 300 mM NaCl treated P. pinnata under salinity stress. Each correlation value (based on Pearson correlation coefficient) corresponds to average of six biological replicates. HAC analysis performed among the metabolite at each individual time points (A) 1DAS, (B) 4DAS and (C) 8DAS in leaves of 300 mM NaCl treated plants. (D, E and F) Detailed view of positively correlated metabolite correlations was shown in the form of table. HAC analysis performed among the metabolite at each individual time points (G) 1DAS, (H) 4DAS and (I) 8DAS in leaves of 500 mM NaCl treated plants. (J, K and L) Detailed view of positively correlated metabolite correlations was shown in the form of table. The color key and histogram show degree of correlation.
Figure 4. Heat map of hierarchical clustering of metabolite-metabolite correlations in roots of 300 mM NaCl treatedP. pinnata under salinity stress. Each correlation value (based on Pearson correlation coefficient) corresponds to average of six biological replicates. HAC analysis was performed among the metabolite at each individual time points (A) 1DAS, (B) 4DAS and (C) 8DAS in roots of 300 mM NaCl treated plants. (D, E and F) Detailed view of positively correlated metabolite correlations was shown in the form of table. HAC analysis was performed among the metabolite at each individual time points (G) 1DAS, (H) 4DAS and (I) 8DAS in roots of 500 mM NaCl treated plants. (J, K and L) Detailed view of positively correlated metabolite correlations was shown in the form of table. The color key and histogram show degree of correlation.
Figure 5. Circos plots showing correlations in the hormone-metabolite interactions in P. pinnata under different NaCl treatments. All 71 metabolites and 7 hormones were identified in the circle (order of metabolites mentioned in the Supplementary Table 5 and 6). Each correlation value (based on Pearson correlation coefficient) corresponds to average of six biological replicates and analysis performed between the hormones-metabolites at each individual time points (A and D) 1DAS, (B and E) 4DAS, (C and F) 8DAS in leaves as well as (H and K) 1DAS, (I and L) 4DAS, (J and M) 8DAS in roots of 300 and 500 mM NaCl treated plants. Ribbon color corresponds to degree of correlation (in leaves: blue (+ve correlation) and red (-ve correlation) and in roots: red (+ve correlation) and green (-ve correlation).
Figure 6. Relative mRNA expression levels of transporters in leaves of P. pinnata under salt stress conditions. Log2 fold changes of NHX1, HKT1:1, SOS2, SOS3, CLC1, V-CHX1, CCX1, V-H+ATPaseB subunit, V-H+ATPaseE subunit, PM-H+ATP4.1, PM-H+ATP4.1-like, PM-H+ATPase1, CNGC5, CNGC17, CDPK3, and, CDPK32 in leaves (A) and roots (B) of salt-treated plants of P. pinnata at 1, 4 and 8 DAS respectively when compared to their corresponding controls. Error bar represents the mean ± SD (n=6).
Figure 7. Our proposed model based to show the mechanism of high salinity tolerance in Pongamia pinnata .