Continuous variables are described as mean ± SD or median with IQR, while categorical variables are presented as percentages (%). AF denotes atrial fibrillation, AVB atrial ventricular block, BMI body mass index, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration fraction, HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, IVS interventricular septum, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, NYHA New York Heart Association grading of cardiac function, SSS sick sinus syndrome.

* eGFR was calculated by MDRD formula.

+ AVB includes II° AVB Mobitz type 2 and III° AVB.