Data analysis:
Extracted data were presented in summary tables. In addition, the following analyses were carried out:
Risk management: For each risk minimisation measure reported, prevalence of implementing that measure was calculated as the proportion of a study population reported to be using a measure. This was calculated as follows:
Prevalence of risk minimisation measure implementation/ 100 patients = total number of patients implementing the measure / total number of patients using the teratogenic medication x 100
Perceptions of teratogenic risk : The perceived teratogenic risk for each medication was assigned into one of three categories: properly-estimated, over-estimated, or under-estimated (as shown previously in Figure 1). Categorised results were presented in tabular form.