Analysis of lysis

Under the assumption that released DNA is proportional to the amount of lysed cells, quantification of lysis was adapted from Klein et al. (2015). For our calculations, we assumed a cellular DNA content of 31 mg/g, which was taken from literature (Neidhardt & Umbarger, 1996). Double strand DNA in the culture supernatant was measured in triplicate with the Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher). The accumulation of DNA was corrected with a degradation rate as described in Supporting Information 3. The amount of lysed cells (xl ) was calculated according to Klein et al. (2015) and expressed as percent of total biomass concentration as shown in Equation 3: