Patient Characteristics
A total of 219 uncomplicated IMHA patients who initially received the “wait-and-watch strategy” (initial medical treatment with TEVAR/open surgery for aortic complications ) from January 2010 to December 2016 were included and followed for at least three years. The diagnosis of IMHA was confirmed by electrocardiographic-triggered computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination on admission. Uncomplicated IMHA patients are defined as those without the presence of rapid aortic expansion, signs of aortic rupture, fatal organ ischemia, recurrent or refractory pain, and refractory hypertension despite adequate medical therapy[10][16] . Patients with traumatic aortic injury, aortic valvular diseases (including bicuspid aortic valve [21] ) and genetic disease (diagnosed by pathology or genetic test) were excluded. The definition of missing data was as follows: patients who refused any medical therapy on admission, those without CTA images to estimate the evolution of IMHA, those without complete data and those lost to follow-up (see the details of the CONSORT diagram inFigure 1 ).