Conclusion
Temperate grasslands are now significantly degraded throughout the world as a result of human actions. Weeds now dominate many of these degraded systems and act to hold them in this undesirable altered state. A number of successful restoration techniques have been developed to reduce weed dominance and promote native species, but it is clear that a single technique for restoration is rarely successful for the long term. In order to reduce dominant weeds, we must continue to research the integration of control methods that are economical, practical and applicable to temperate grasslands at a local, regional and global scales. Researchers should also aim to develop long-term studies that observe successional changes in plant dynamics as a result of various treatments. It is critical that managers plan now for changes in weather patterns (such as rainfall frequency and intensity) as a result accelerated climate change. This review recognises the similarities in successful temperate grassland restorations involve the ongoing effort of targeting the above and below ground density of the dominant weeds. Revegetation methods are often site- and study-specific and depend on proximity of remanent vegetation, budget and restoration goals.