Table 1. Descriptive data and agreement analyses of causality assessment of ADR Table 1. Descriptive data and agreement analyses of causality assessment of ADR
Characteristics Value
ADR duration (days) [mean, (SD)] 3.0 (2.9)
ADR [n, (%)]
Hypotension 19 (21.1)
Constipation 17 (18.9)
Bleeding 11 (12.2)
Hyperglycemia 10 (11.1)
Renal Injury 10 (11.1)
Somnolence 6 (6.7)
Others ADRa 17 (18.9)
Main suspect drugs [n, (%)]
Morphine 10 (11.1)
Tramadol 8 (8.9)
Captopril 5 (5.6)
Clonazepam 5 (5.6)
Enoxaparin 5 (5.6)
Furosemide 5 (5.6)
Warfarin 5 (5.6)
Carvedilol 3 (3.3)
Enalapril 3 (3.3)
Prednisone 3 (3.3)
Vancomycin 3 (3.3)
Others drugsb 35 (38.8)
Naranjo algorithm categories [n, (%)]
Certain 0 (0)
Probable 29 (32.2)
Possible 61 (67.8)
Doubtful 0 (0)
WHO-UMC system categories [n, (%)]
Certain 1 (1.1)
Probable 37 (41.1)
Possible 47 (52.2)
Unlikely/Conditional 5 (5.6)
Interrater agreement
Exactly agreement proportion Judge A x Judge
0.53
Judge B x Judge C 0.24
Judge A x Judge C 0.33
Multiple Judges 0.19
Extreme disagreement proportion
Judge A x Judge B 0.19
Judge B x Judge C 0.33
Judge A x Judge C 0.31
Multiple Judges 0.29
Kappac; CI (95%)
Judge A x Judge B 0.180 (0.04-0.32)
Judge B x Judge C 0.168 (0.05-0.29)
Judge A x Judge C 0.113 (0.01- 0.22)
Multiple Judges 0.096 (0.01-0.18)
ADR: Adverse drug reaction; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval a Others ADR included: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, changing in respiratory pattern, hypoglycemia, rash and tachycardia. b Others drugs included 19 drugs with frequency of use ≤2: Atenolol, bisacodyl, codein/acetominophen, ciclosporin, insulin, sinvastatim, amiodarone, cefepime, dexamethasone, dobutamine, phenytoin, fenoterol, heparin, hydralazine, gentamicin, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/ethambutol. c Cohen’s kappa was used for pairwise agreement and Fleiss’ kappa for multiple judges. ADR: Adverse drug reaction; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval a Others ADR included: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, changing in respiratory pattern, hypoglycemia, rash and tachycardia. b Others drugs included 19 drugs with frequency of use ≤2: Atenolol, bisacodyl, codein/acetominophen, ciclosporin, insulin, sinvastatim, amiodarone, cefepime, dexamethasone, dobutamine, phenytoin, fenoterol, heparin, hydralazine, gentamicin, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/ethambutol. c Cohen’s kappa was used for pairwise agreement and Fleiss’ kappa for multiple judges.