References
Adedoja, O.A., Kehinde, T. & Samways, M.J. (2018). Insect-flower interaction networks vary among endemic pollinator taxa over an elevation gradient. PLoS One , 13, e0207453.
Araújo, W.S. de. (2016). Global patterns in the structure and robustness of plant-herbivore networks. Front. Biogeogr. , 8.
Banašek-Richter, C., Cattin, M.F. & Bersier, L.F. (2004). Sampling effects and the robustness of quantitative and qualitative food-web descriptors. J. Theor. Biol. , 226, 23–32.
Barnes, A.D., Jochum, M., Lefcheck, J.S., Eisenhauer, N., Scherber, C., O’Connor, M.I., et al. (2018). Energy flux: The link between multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trends Ecol. Evol. , 33, 186–197.
Barry, R.G. (2008). Mountain weather and climate . Mt. Weather Clim. 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bascompte, J. (2010). Structure and dynamics of ecological networks.Science , 329, 765–6.
Bascompte, J., Jordano, P., Melián, C.J. & Olesen, J.M. (2003). The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 100, 9383–9387.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. (2008). Fitting mixed-effects models using the lme4 Package in R. J. Stat. Softw. , 67.
Baur, B., Baur, H., Roesti, C. & Roesti, D. (2006). Sauterelles, Grillons et Criquets de Suisse . Haupt, Bern.
Bersier, L.-F., Banašek-Richter, C. & Cattin, M.-F. (2002). Quantitative descriptors of food-web matrices. Ecology , 83, 2394–2407.
Billings, W.D. & Mooney, H.A. (1968). The ecology of arctic and alpine plants. Biol. Rev. , 43, 481–529.
Blumer, P. & Diemer, M. (1996). The occurrence and consequences of grasshopper herbivory in an alpine grassland, Swiss central Alps.Arct. Alp. Res. , 28, 435.
Burgos, E., Ceva, H., Perazzo, R.P.J., Devoto, M., Medan, D., Zimmermann, M., et al. (2007). Why nestedness in mutualistic networks? J. Theor. Biol. , 249, 307–313.
Callis-Duehl, K., Vittoz, P., Defossez, E. & Rasmann, S. (2017). Community-level relaxation of plant defenses against herbivores at high elevation. Plant Ecol. , 218, 291–304.
Cates, R.G. (1981). Host plant predictability and the feeding patterns of monophagous, oligophagous, and polyphagous insect herbivores.Oecologia , 48, 319–326.
Chisté, M.N., Mody, K., Gossner, M.M., Simons, N.K., Köhler, G., Weisser, W.W., et al. (2016). Losers, winners, and opportunists: How grassland land-use intensity affects orthopteran communities.Ecosphere , 7, e01545.
Clark, K., Karsch-mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2016). GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. , 44, 67–72.
Csardi, G. & Nepusz, T. (2006). The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJournal Complex Syst. , 1695, 1–9.
Dalsgaard, B., Magård, E., Fjeldså, J., Martín González, A.M., Rahbek, C., Olesen, J.M., et al. (2011). Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity.PLoS One , 6, e25891.
Deagle, B.E., Gales, N.J., Evans, K., Jarman, S.N., Robinson, S., Trebilco, R., et al. (2007). Studying seabird diet through genetic analysis of faeces: A case study on macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus). PLoS One , 2, e831.
Deagle, B.E., Thomas, A.C., McInnes, J.C., Clarke, L.J., Vesterinen, E.J., Clare, E.L., et al. (2019). Counting with DNA in metabarcoding studies: How should we convert sequence reads to dietary data? Mol. Ecol. , 28, 391–406.
Delmas, E., Besson, M., Brice, M.-H., Burkle, L.A., Dalla Riva, G. V., Fortin, M.-J., et al. (2019). Analysing ecological networks of species interactions. Biol. Rev. , 94, 16–36.
Descombes, P., Marchon, J., Pradervand, Jn.N., Bilat, J., Guisan, A., Rasmann, S., et al. (2017). Community-level plant palatability increases with elevation as insect herbivore abundance declines.J. Ecol. , 105, 142–151.
Dormann, C., Gruber, B. & Fründ, J. (2008). Introducing the bipartite package: analysing ecological networks. R news , 8, 8–11.
Dunne, J.A., Williams, R.J. & Martinez, N.D. (2002). Network structure and biodiversity loss in food webs: robustness increases with connectance. Ecol. Lett. , 5, 558–567.
Edgar, R.C. (2016). UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing. bioRxiv , 81257.
Galeano, J., Pastor, J.M. & Iriondo, J.M. (2009). Weighted-interaction nestedness estimator (WINE): a new estimator to calculate over frequency matrices. Environ. Model. Softw. , 24, 1342–1346.
García-Robledo, C., Erickson, D.L., Staines, C.L., Erwin, T.L. & Kress, W.J. (2013). Tropical plant-herbivore networks: reconstructing species interactions using DNA barcodes. PLoS One , 8.
Gounand, I., Kéfi, S., Mouquet, N. & Gravel, D. (2016). Trait selection during food web assembly: the roles of interactions and temperature.Theor. Ecol. , 9, 417–429.
Gravel, D., Baiser, B., Dunne, J.A., Kopelke, J.-P., Martinez, N.D., Nyman, T., et al. (2019). Bringing Elton and Grinnell together: a quantitative framework to represent the biogeography of ecological interaction networks. Ecography (Cop.). , 42, 401–415.
Hodkinson, I.D. (2005). Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude. Biol. Rev. , 80, 489.
Ibanez, S., Lavorel, S., Puijalon, S. & Moretti, M. (2013a). Herbivory mediated by coupling between biomechanical traits of plants and grasshoppers. Funct. Ecol. , 27, 479–489.
Ibanez, S., Manneville, O., Miquel, C., Taberlet, P., Valentini, A., Aubert, S., et al. (2013b). Plant functional traits reveal the relative contribution of habitat and food preferences to the diet of grasshoppers. Oecologia , 173, 1459–1470.
Kaartinen, R., Stone, G.N., Hearn, J., Lohse, K. & Roslin, T. (2010). Revealing secret liaisons: DNA barcoding changes our understanding of food webs. Ecol. Entomol. , 35, 623–638.
Kattge, J., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Bönisch, G., et al. (2011). TRY - a global database of plant traits.Glob. Chang. Biol. , 17, 2905–2935.
Körner, C. (2003). The alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems . 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin.
Körner, C., Leuzinger, S., Riedl, S., Siegwolf, R.T. & Streule, L. (2016). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signals for an entire alpine flora, based on herbarium samples. Alp. Bot. , 126, 153–166.
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P.B. & Christensen, R.H.B. (2017). lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models. J. Stat. Softw. , 83.
Lafferty, K.D. & Kuris, A.M. (2009). Parasites reduce food web robustness because they are sensitive to secondary extinction as illustrated by an invasive estuarine snail. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. , 364, 1659–1663.
Laigle, I., Aubin, I., Digel, C., Brose, U., Boulangeat, I. & Gravel, D. (2018). Species traits as drivers of food web structure.Oikos , 127, 316–326.
Li, D.-Z., Gao, L.-M., Li, H.-T., Wang, H., Ge, X.-J., Liu, J.-Q.,et al. (2011). Comparative analysis of a large dataset indicates that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) should be incorporated into the core barcode for seed plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 108, 19641–6.
Macarthur, R. & Levins, R. (1967). The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species. Am. Nat. , 101, 377–385.
Magoc, T. & Salzberg, S.L. (2011). FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics , 27, 2957–2963.
Martin, M. (2011). Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal , 17, 10.
Martinez, N.D. (1992). Constant connectance in community food webs.Am. Nat. , 139, 1208–1218.
Mata, V.A., Rebelo, H., Amorim, F., McCracken, G.F., Jarman, S. & Beja, P. (2019). How much is enough? Effects of technical and biological replication on metabarcoding dietary analysis. Mol. Ecol. , 28, 165–175.
May, R.M. (1973). Stability and complexity in model ecosystems.