Introduction
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak began in Wuhan, China, at the
end of 2019. COVID-19 continues to spread across the worldwide (Adams &
Walls, 2020). At the time of writing, the number of confirmed cases has
now passed 2,700,000, and 190,871 confirmed death reported form the
coronavirus (World Health Organization, 2020). The first cases were
identified in the wholesale seafood market. There are some restaurants
in this market which are popular for serving the type of wildlife for
human consumption (Hui et al., 2020). This seafood market is a
wet-market which sells wild animals such as bats, snakes, poultry etc.
Evidence has indeed shown these wet-markets act as a hotspot for
human–animal engagements and zoonotic viruses are able to jump the
species barrier leads to the emergence of new zoonotic pathogens (Malik
et al., 2020). Different parameters such as expansion trade, travel, and
ecotourism, growth of human population, change lifestyle, climate
change, rapidly growth pathogens, change in agricultural practices such
sc domestication of species of wild animals and intensive integrated
animal farming, natural environmental damage, ecological disasters,
nutritional and cultural factors etc. have a profound impact upon ignite
and extension of new or emergent zoonosis and threat human health
(Ellwanger et al., 2018; Plowright et al., 2017; Iturriza-Gomara &
O’Brien, 2016) Zoonotic diseases have changed the life of human during
centuries such as Ebola, Zika, severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
(Rodriguez-Morales et al., 2020). Coronaviruses have led to three
pandemic state, i.e. SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 in the last twenty years
(Zhou et al., 2020). COVID-19 disease is the third of instance
transmission from species barrier twice from wildlife to human
(Bonilla-Aldana et al., 2020). In SARS and MERS cases wild animals such
as bats were as host of the coronaviruses that spilt to humans through
intermediate hosts including camels and civets. About COVID-19 current
data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (Zhou et al., 2020; Chan et al. 2020). Coronaviruses
such as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses circulate in nature
amongst diverse wildlife species and can infect mammals and birds, then
maybe transmitted to human (Zhou et al., 2020). Thus animal health,
human health, and environmental health are linked together
(Bonilla-Aldana et al., 2020). Zoonotic diseases are a good example of
this relation. Therefore, it’s critical from the health approach which
understands the transmission cycles; seek mechanisms of prevention,
control and decrease of transmission, studies interaction of human with
wildlife, diseases in the environment, and diseases ecology (Ahmad et
al., 2020). Furthermore, it may be useful for the future outbreak with
emerging zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19 and provide effective
control to eliminate emerging many probable zoonosis.