2.2.2 Chemical compositions
Fatty acid profiles and minor components (tocopherols, total sterols and squalene) were performed as described by our previous reports (Yu et al., 2019). Detailed information associated with the methods used for fatty acid, tocopherols, total sterols and squalene were all presented in the supplementary material.
Phenolic compounds were extracted as described by (Mateos et al., 2001). A 500 mg Sepax Generik Diol tube (Sepax Technologies, Inc., Newark, DE, USA) was used to extract phenolic compounds. The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by a Waters 1525 HPLC system (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a Waters 2996 photodiode array detector (Milford, MA, USA) was used. The stationary phase was a Sepax Amethyst C18-H column (250 × 4.6 i.d. mm, 5μm particle size) (Sepax Technologies, Inc., Newark, DE, USA). The mobile phase and solvent gradient conditions used for analysis were according to (IOC, 2009) with some minor modifications. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The quantification of phenolic compounds was carried out at 280 nm.