Definitions
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), need for extracorporeal membrane
oxygenator (ECMO), atrioventricular (AV) block requiring permanent
pacemaker implantation, diaphragm paralysis, neurological complication
(persistent at discharge), acute renal failure (ARF) (requiring
temporary or permanent dialysis), and unplanned reoperation were
considered major adverse events (MAEs) (11,12). Complications other than
MAEs were defined as pulmonary complications, arrhythmia, infection
(except for superficial wound infection), wound infections, recurrent
nerve paralysis and delayed sternal closure.
Aortic arch Z-scores of -2 or lower indicated hypoplasia of the arch,
independent of the size of other aortic parts. Catheter-base balloon
angioplasty was defined as a reintervention. Surgical mortality was
defined as mortality within the first 30 days postoperatively.