Introduction:
SARS-CoV-2 (previously named 2019-nCoV), the virus that causes the clinical illness COVID-19, is a novel RNA virus belonging to the coronavirus family (1). With more than three million confirmed cases worldwide and more than 200000 deaths at this moment and growing up these numbers constantly, various treatments are being tried clinically or undergoing evaluation (1)(2) (3) (4). The greatest risk of spread worldwide of Covid-19 involves serious life-threatening problems against human security. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath are the main symptoms of the disease that can lead to pneumonia or other organs compromised with a mortality rate of 5% or higher (1) (2) (5). Currently, there is only one authorized drug, but for emergency use in critically ill patients: Remdesivir (6). There are no other approved medications for infectious coronavirus, despite the fact that antiviral drugs such as protease inhibitors, integrase and / or polymerase enzymes are designed and are in advanced studies (3) (4) (7). Among these inhibitors, antiprotease inhibitors appear to work effectively in blocking virus replication and provide promising treatment for Covid19 disease but not yet advisable in a systematic way (3) (8) (9). The majority of published evidence that have suggested treatments for COVID-19 has been extrapolated from experience with SARS, MERS or limited to case-series (10) (11). Randomized-controlled trials are ongoing, most notably with three agents: 1. Remdesivir, actually one of the novel investigational drugs with possible greatest potential as an anti-Covid-19 (6)(12)(13)(14). 2. Lopinavir/Ritonavir, an anti-retroviral used for treatment of HIV; (11)(12). 3. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial drugs with antiviral activity in-vitro, especially when associated with a macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin, in vivo (15)(16)(17). All these have probably been the most mentioned and promising compounds for Covid19 treatment. Other agents also under investigation including immunomodulatory drugs have been used to attenuate COVID-19-associated cytokine storm such as tocilizumab and sarilumab (18)(19)(20) as well as the mesenchymal stem cell therapy described by Atluri et al (2020) (21).