References
1. Pui CH, Yang JJ, Hunger SP, et al. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Progress Through Collaboration. J Clin Oncol.2015;33(27):2938-2948.
2. Bhatia S, Landier W, Shangguan M, et al. Nonadherence to oral mercaptopurine and risk of relapse in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the children’s oncology group. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(17):2094-2101.
3. Relling MV, Hancock ML, Boyett JM, Pui CH, Evans WE. Prognostic importance of 6-mercaptopurine dose intensity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1999;93(9):2817-2823.
4. Denton CC, Rawlins YA, Oberley MJ, Bhojwani D, Orgel E. Predictors of hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to contemporary regimens.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(3).
5. Weinshilboum R. Thiopurine pharmacogenetics: clinical and molecular studies of thiopurine methyltransferase. Drug Metab Dispos.2001;29(4 Pt 2):601-605.
6. Lennard L. The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43(4):329-339.
7. Bostrom B, Erdmann G. Cellular pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol.1993;15(1):80-86.
8. Maelachuri S, Gandrud L, Bostrom B. The association between fasting hypoglycemia and methylated mercaptopurine metabolites in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014;61(6):1003-1006.
9. Adam de Beaumais T, Fakhoury M, Medard Y, et al. Determinants of mercaptopurine toxicity in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia maintenance therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;71(4):575-584.
10. Nygaard U, Toft N, Schmiegelow K. Methylated metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine are associated with hepatotoxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004;75(4):274-281.
11. Blaker PA, Arenas-Hernandez M, Smith MA, et al. Mechanism of allopurinol induced TPMT inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol.2013;86(4):539-547.
12. Roberts RL, Gearry RB, Barclay ML. Allopurinol-thiopurine combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: are there genetic clues to this puzzle? Pharmacogenomics. 2010;11(11):1505-1508.
13. Zimm S, Collins JM, O’Neill D, Chabner BA, Poplack DG. Inhibition of first-pass metabolism in cancer chemotherapy: interaction of 6-mercaptopurine and allopurinol. Clin Pharmacol Ther.1983;34(6):810-817.
14. Brackett J, Schafer ES, Leung DH, Bernhardt MB. Use of allopurinol in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to reduce skewed thiopurine metabolism. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014;61(6):1114-1117.
15. Giamanco NM, Cunningham BS, Klein LS, Parekh DS, Warwick AB, Lieuw K. Allopurinol Use During Maintenance Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Avoids Mercaptopurine-related Hepatotoxicity. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016;38(2):147-151.
16. Zerra P, Bergsagel J, Keller FG, Lew G, Pauly M. Maintenance Treatment With Low-Dose Mercaptopurine in Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Mercaptopurine-Induced Pancreatitis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016;63(4):712-715.
17. Zhang M, Bostrom B. Allopurinol reverses mercaptopurine-induced hypoglycemia in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.F1000Res. 2019;8:176.
18. Rahhal RM, Bishop WP. Initial clinical experience with allopurinol-thiopurine combination therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(12):1678-1682.
19. Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, et al. Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;118(4):705-713.
20. Dubinsky MC, Yang H, Hassard PV, et al. 6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology.2002;122(4):904-915.
21. Castrejon I, Toledano E, Rosario MP, Loza E, Pérez-Ruiz F, Carmona L. Safety of allopurinol compared with other urate-lowering drugs in patients with gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology international. 2015;35(7):1127-1137.
22. Asadov C, Aliyeva G, Mustafayeva K. Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase as a Pharmacogenetic Biomarker: Significance of Testing and Review of Major Methods. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem.2017;15(1):23-30.
23. Cooper SC, Ford LT, Berg JD, Lewis MJ. Ethnic variation of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity: a large, prospective population study. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9(3):303-309.
24. Cunningham B, Krishnamurthy J, Deutsch J, Flora MN, Lieuw K. 360 Elucidating the Mechanism of 6-Mercaptopurine Induced Hepatotoxicity and How Combination with Allopurinol Eliminates the Hepatotoxicity.Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):S1030.