Figure Legends
Fig 1. Difference in risk factors of death among three group
COVID-19 patients with different severity and outcomes. Demographic
parameters and variables of laboratory tests (data on admission) with
significant differences among the three groups of patients were
illustrated, including continuous variables (A-E) and categorical
variables (F-K). Elder age (A), a greater number of affected lobe number
(B), increased leucocyte count (C), elevated levels of CRP (D) and BUN
(E), higher prevalence of patients with smoking history (F), dyspnea
(G), a larger proportion of patients with increased NLR (H), PCT (I),
BUN (J) and serum creatinine (K) were identified in the non-survived
group, compared to survived severe group. Percentages in the bars of F-K
represents the percentages of patients with specific
demographic/abnormal laboratory findings in each subgroup. Continuous
variables of the three groups (A-E) were compared using one-wayANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate.
Categorical variables of the non-survived and survived severe groups
(F-K) were compared via chi-square test or Fisher’s exact
test, as appropriate. * denotes a p value of ≤ 0.05, ** denotesp ≤ 0.01, *** denotes p ≤ 0.001. CRP, C-reactive protein;
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PCT,
procalcitonin.
Fig 2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction and visualization
of the patients. All patients were included in the analysis; parameters
including laboratory results on admission, age and affected lobe
number(s) were used in the analysis, results were demonstrated in
colored dots separated by three groups of severity. Despite no clear
separation between the three groups, there was a clear trajectory from
”non-severe” towards ”non-survived” via ” survived severe”.
Fig 3. Heatmap of Spearman correlations among
laboratory results, as well as with age and affected lobe number.Spearman correlation heatmap with correlation coefficient and
significance levels based on the laboratory results on admission, as
well as patients’ age and affected lobe number. Positive correlations
are marked in red and negative ones in blue (color scale on the right
side). * denotes p ≤ 0.05, ** denotes p ≤ 0.01, ***
denotes p ≤ 0.001. CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR,
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PCT, procalcitonin; D-D, D-dimer; BUN,
blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine
aminotransferase; SAA, serum amyloid A; CK, serum creatinine kinase;
CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB.
Fig 4. Selected Spearman correlations between
the number of affected lobe number(s), age of patients and laboratory
parameters in COVID‐19 patients. Scatter plots described the
correlations between affected lobe number(s), age of patients, and
laboratory variables (data on admission). Strong positive correlations
were observed in all plots. Spearman’s test was used to evaluate
the correlations. CRP, C-reactive protein; D-D, D-dimer; BUN, blood urea
nitrogen; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PCT, procalcitonin.
Fig 5. Differences in longitudinal course of laboratory findings
between non-survived and survived severe cases. The severe COVID-19
patients were divided into non-survived and survived severe groups
according to the clinical outcomes as of Mar 28th,
2020. Data from patients with available laboratory results on admission,
3-7 days after admission and 8-14 days after admission were shown. ‘n’
represents the number of patients with available follow-up data for each
parameter. The red lines represent the values of non-survived patients
of each parameter, and the blue lines show the values of survived severe
patients. * denotes p ≤ 0.05, ** denotes p ≤ 0.01, ***
denotes p ≤ 0.001. NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CRP,
C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase;
BUN, blood urea nitrogen.