Rhinovirus Influenza A SARS-CoV-2 Delta B.1.617.2 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5
Classification
Picornaviridae › Enterovirus › Rhinovirus A/80 subtypes Rhinovirus B/32 subtypes Rhinovirus C/57 subtypes
Orthomyxoviridae › Alphainfluenzavirus › Influenza A virus
Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae › Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus › SARS-CoV-2 Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae › Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus › SARS-CoV-2 Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae › Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus › SARS-CoV-2
Genome ssRNA positive strand linear ssRNA negative strand segments ssRNA positive strand linear ssRNA positive strand linear ssRNA positive strand linear
Size
Rhinovirus A 6.5-7.2 kb Rhinovirus B 6.9-7.3 kb Rhinovirus C 6.7-7.2 kb
13.1-13.6 kb
29.8 kb
29.6 kb
29.6 kb
Receptor
Rhinovirus A: Immunoglobulin-type cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) B: low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) C: Cadherin-related family and member-3 (CDHR3) Sialic acid (NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal and NeuAc alpha 2,6Gal) DC-SIGN, L-SIGN Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
Incubation period 2-3 days 2-5 days 4-7 days 2-4 days 2-4 days
Local diseases
Rhinovirus A/B: Common cold, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis. Rhinovirus C: Lower respiratory tract infections, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, wheezing and asthma exacerbations, croup
Pneumonia, headache, chills, dry cough, fever, myalgia, fatigue, anorexia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctivitis
Fever and chills, cough, shortness of breath/dyspnea, burnout, myalgia, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Runny nose, headache, fatigue, hoarseness, sneezing, sore throat, fever, cough, loss of smell or taste
Runny nose, headache, fatigue, hoarseness, sneezing, sore throat, fever, cough, loss of smell or taste
System diseases Viremia, myocarditis, myositis, central nervous system symptoms (irritability, lethargy, noise, confusion, encephalopathy, encephalitis, etc.), toxic shock syndrome, cytokine storm, kidney failure, liver failure Viremia, myocarditis, myositis, central nervous system symptoms (irritability, lethargy, noise, confusion, encephalopathy, encephalitis, etc.), toxic shock syndrome, cytokine storm, kidney failure, liver failure More focused to elderly and risk groups, same type of diseases as in delta. Relatively low prevalence compared to delta More focused to elderly and risk groups, same type of diseases as in delta. Relatively low prevalence compared to delta
Risk groups
Babies and toddlers, chronic disease Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies
Older age, chronic diseases (asthma, coronary artery disease, diabetes, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, Parkinson’s disease, etc.)
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy
Mortality 0.001% 0.1% 2-4% 0.01% Similar to the Omicron BA.1 wave