Maternal characteristics
The study enrolled a total of 3852 participants. Of these, 2917
participants were included in the analysis. The remainder of the
participants (n=935) were excluded because they either had incomplete
laboratory and/or outcome data (Figure 1). Excluded participants had
similar baseline characteristics as those included in the final
analysis. Of those who were included in the analysis, 2,641 were
normoglycaemic, 237 had hyperglycaemia in the GDM range, and 39 had
hyperglycaemia in the DIP range. Data from participants with DIP were
excluded from subsequent analysis but are displayed in the Supplementary
Appendix (Tables S2 and S3).