Figure 1 insert here.
The characteristics of participants are displayed in Table 1. All women in the study were of black ethnicity. The mean age of participants was 27.0 years, the mean maternal BMI at time of OGTT was 27.7 kg/m2. Nearly a third of women were primigravid (915/2917; 31.4%), around one third were primiparous (943/2917; 32.2%), and approximately one third were multiparous (two or more children: 1059/2917 36.3%).
Compared to normoglycaemic women, those with GDM were older, more likely to attend a private facility, and more likely to be obese, multiparous, and have a history of diabetes in the family or previous macrosomia.