Associations with primary and secondary outcomes
In both the crude and adjusted analysis, GDM was not associated with any of our primary or secondary outcomes aside from Caesarean delivery (crude OR, 95% CI; 1.64, 1.23-2.18; adjusted OR, 95% CI; 1.36, 1.02-1.82).
In adjusted models, the strongest predictors of LGA were mid-gestational BMI >30 kg/m2 (OR 2.21; 95%CI 1.70-2.90) and previous macrosomia (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.83-3.19), and the strongest predictors of perinatal death were mean arterial pressure >90 mmHg (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.41-4.39) and positive HIV status (OR 2.49; 95% CI 0.96-6.47). The elements of the adjusted models are displayed in the Supplementary Appendix (Table S5).
With the exception of Caesarean delivery, no association was found when outcomes were analysed against OGTT glucose concentrations as continuous variables (Table 3).