All (N=233) Male (N=75) Female (N=158)
P*
Age (year) 64.8±10.6 65.4±10.5 64.5±10.7 0.593
BMI (kg/m2) 28.6±4.6 27.0±3.8 29.4±4.8 <0.001
Smoking 21.5 37.3 13.9 <0.001
Circumference (cm)
Waist 99.3±11.8 99.1±12.8 99.7±9.6 0.888
Hip 106.3±8.5 102.8±6.5 108.2±8.8 <0.001
Presence of comorbidities
Hypertension 46.4 40.0 49.4 0.180
Diabetes mellitus 13.7 14.7 13.3 0.776
Chronic lung disease † 10.0 12.0 8.9 0.453
Coronary artery disease 4.7 9.3 2.5 0.041
Atrial fibrillation 4.3 4.0 4.4 1.000
Muscle thickness (mm)
Anterior thigh
37.6±9.4
41.0±9.4
36.0±9.0
<0.001
Functional tests
Chair stand test (sec)
12.7±3.8
10.9±1.9
13.7±4.2
<0.001
Grip strength (kg)
26.5±10.1
37.2±8.5
21.4±5.8
<0.001
Gait speed (m/sec)
1.13±0.27
1.26±0.26
1.06±0.25
<0.001
Presarcopenia
25.3
33.3
21.5
0.053
Sarcopenia 15.0 12.0 16.5 0.374