1. Introduction
The term composite material means a material that is made up of two or more constituent materials. The basic material can be organic, metal or ceramics. The reinforcing material may be in the form of the fibers, particles or flakes. The component of the composite material is separately manufactured as they do not occur naturally and combined mechanically and metallurgical. Composite material with different mechanical and thermal properties when reinforced with a second material, produce a material with different properties from the base and reinforce the material, sometimes superior. The main advantage of the composite material is high stiffness to weight and strength to weight ratio, increase in fatigue strength and improvement in surface smoothness and appearance. The new material can be used with the objective of high strength, lighter and corrosion resistance when compared to traditional materials.
Nanomaterial reinforced in the metal matrix composites based matrix used to find the fatigue life under amplitude cyclic tension fatigue loading whilst controls the surrounding temperature and maximum load was given to the specimen. The S-N curve for three temperatures ranges to determine the effects of high temperature on aluminum and analyze the reason for this cause. [1] The coil springs used in the auto industry and also investigated the fundamental properties of the coil spring by finite element analysis. The coil spring can be designed at higher levels of stress and more than complex stress levels. The materials with a high range of stress and strain come from themselves were the main disadvantage. [2] The joint-life of the suspension system was very important. The servo-hydraulic test facility with a suitable fixture was used to investigate leaf spring joint performance under static and dynamic conditions. [3] The finite element based software to investigate the composite driveshaft. The composite material of the drive shaft was carbon, glass fiber, and epoxy resin. The main objective of the investigation was to enhance the torque and strength of the fiber-reinforced composite shaft. [4] The major issue in the automobile sector is to reduce the weight of the leaf spring and maintain high strength. The steel leaf spring was used in the Maruti 800 car which was taken as a practical application for analysis and optimization of a composite steel mono leaf spring. The three composite materials i.e. E-glass/Epoxy, S-glass/Epoxy, and Carbon/Epoxy were used to perform experiments under the same load as performed on a steel spring. [5] The fatigue life of a vehicle suspension system used in the trucks by finite element analysis based software ANSYS under the condition of non-constant amplitude loading. This investigation aimed to find out the non-constant loading used for fatigue life analysis. [6] The stir casting method to produce discontinuous particle reinforced based metal matrix composites material. [7].The finite element analysis used to find the deflection of cantilever beams, properties of the material with a load of transverse at the free end and investigate the displacement response of leaf springs. [8] The different properties of the composite materials for the special requirement so that these materials can be used for applications such as in the aerospace sector, automobile sector (pistons linear, cylinder liners, brakes) and structural components.[9]In automobile industry steel leaf spring material was used in automobile vehicles that can be replaced by lightweight composite material due to light in weight and high strength and the composite materials have properties like good strength and more elastic strain energy. [10]. A composite material means it has two or more material that has better mechanical characteristics than those individual components. Usually, the reinforcing component was distributed in the continuous or matrix component. Metal matrix composite is known as a metal matrix when the matrix was metal.[11] The automobile industry had great interest to make a fuel-efficient vehicle for this industry interested in replacing steel leaf spring other components with composite materials.[12] Finite element analysis based software used to find out the dimension and mechanical properties of composite material. It has observed that for different microstructures and interphase tensile strength, shear strength investigate under different loads by finite element simulations. The finite element based software abacus used for the analysis of mechanical properties, fracture, and failure analysis of the composite material. [13]The composite materials for the requirement and used in a variety of applications such as aerospace, automotive and structural components to save the material, energy, and fuel.[14] CATIA and ANSYS 14.0 were used modeling and finite element analysis. It was concluded that composite material aluminum-silicon carbide was material used for power transmission. [15] The conventional stir casting method to fabricate 11wt% boron carbide as reinforced material with aluminum 6061 Al matrix to make new composites material. The whole process to produce composite material was carried out at a temperature of 750˚C. [16] ANSYS 12.0 finite element software used for the analysis of leaf spring. In this investigation, a comparative analysis of carbon-epoxy composite leaf spring and steel leaf spring was performed by analytical, finite element analysis software using ANSYS 12. The result of the finite element analysis was compared with experimental results. [17] Four-leaf spring assembly used n light commercial vehicle was the design and analyzed by Ansys 14 software. The CREO software was used for the design and modeling of leaf spring. The finite element result show stresses and deflection verified the existing analytical. The dynamic load experiment of laminated spring also performed using Ansys 14 software. [18] the fabrication of 5,10,15 wt % of boron carbide reinforced with aluminum alloy LM4 metal matrix composite by using liquid stir casting technique was performed and fabricated under ASTM standard B557M for finding its tensile strength, Hardness and Impact tests were carried out and compared with the base metal and the metallographic structure of its every proportion were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM ) Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX ) and the combination of B4C and Aluminum alloy LM4 improved its mechanical properties of the base Aluminum alloy.[19] The finite element analysis was also carried out to analyze the connecting rod. The solid works and hyper mesh used to design and meshing of the connecting rod and ANSYS workbench 14.0 software used to analyze purpose. The results showed that the composite material of the connecting rod more suitable than the conventional connecting rod. [20] The static and dynamic analyses were conducted with the help of ANSYS 16 analysis software. The performance results were compared with steel leaf spring. Finally, it was concluded that the composite leaf spring, which was 70% less in weight, was performing better than conventional steel leaf spring. The modeling software CATIA modeling and for finite element analysis was utilizing ANSYS 16.0 software for Aluminum (Al-B4C). [21].The finite element based software such as CATIA, PRO-Engineer; ANSYS can be used for designing, analyses and shape optimization of composite leaf springs. The study also included the analysis of leaf spring made from composite and its comparison with steel leaf spring. [22]
This paper aims to investigate the stress develop in composite leaf spring and find the possibilities to use it in automobile vehicles in place of steel spring. Metal matrix-based leaf spring has manufactured by the stir casting method. Investigation of stress develop in composite leaf spring is important for the study of fatigue strength of leaf spring. According to the Society of automobile India, the stress of leaf spring should be less than 400 MPa. If the stress range is more than 400 MPa than it means is the failure of fatigue life of leaf spring. So to know the fatigue life of leaf spring, it is important first to know the stress develop in the leaf spring.