2.7 Connectivity Map Analysis
Drug prediction, mechanism of actions (MoA) and drug-target analyses were performed on Connectivity Map (CMap) tools (https://clue.io/) 12. CMap integrates gene expression signatures, drugs and disease states and is widely used to predict potential useful drugs, investigate the internal mechanism and interrelationship of drugs and inform clinical trials. The query and touchstone functions of CMap website were performed to drug prediction, MoA and drug-target analysis. Dysregulated genes between GMPP and SMPP including 47 up-regulated genes and 54 down-regulated genes were subjected to query tool. The “bitr” function of R package “cluster Profiler” was implemented to convert the uniport accessions into gene symbols. The R package “Complex Heatmap”13 was used to visualize MoA and drug-target analyses results. Interaction relationship between the target genes of selected compounds was analyzed and visualized using STRING (https://string-db.org/) website.