2.1. Materials
All main chemicals used are of analytical grade and the mentioned purity according to the manufacturer and were used without further purification. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Aldrich, 99.999%) and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (85%, Acros) were used, as silica and organosulfonic acid precursors. Pluronic P123 (with the PEO20–PPO70–PEO20molecular structure, M.wt =5800) as a pore regulator was obtained from (BASF Co., USA). 1,4-butane sultone (99%) was purchased from Beijing HWRK Chem. Co., Ltd. Trimethylolpropane (TMP) 98%, 1-methylimidazole and oleic acid were obtained from(Sigma Aldrich). All other chemicals and reagents (hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl ether, acetonitrile, butyl bromide, methanol, toluene, and potassium hydroxide) were obtained from Jiangtian Chemical Reagents Co. (Tianjin, China) and used as received.