References
Bouillon, R., Marcocci, C., Carmeliet, G., Bikle, D., White, J. H.,
Dawson-Hughes, B., Lips, P., Munns, C. F., Lazaretti-Castro, M.,
Giustina, A., Bilezikian, J. (2018). Skeletal and extra-skeletal actions
of vitamin D: Current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocrine
Reviews, 36 (10): 189-191.
Berry, D., Reinisch, W. (2013). Intestinal microbiota: a source of novel
biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases?. Best Practice & Research.
Clinical Gastroenterology, 27 (1): 47-58.
Cianferotti, L., Demay, M. B. (2007). VDR-mediated inhibition of DKK1
and SFRP2 suppresses adipogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow
stromal cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 101 (1): 80-8.
Cheng, Y. J., Wang, X. L., Chang, X. Y. (2020). Research progress on the
role of intestinal flora in the development of obesity. Jilin Medical
Science, 41 (04): 961-964.
Diao, X. Q., Kong, B. H., Chen, Q., Zhao X, X., Liu, Q. (2014).
Physiological effects of diacylglycerol and its safety as edible oil.
Food industry, 35 (12): 233-236.
Doris, V., Gwen, F., Sara, V. S., Jun, W., Manuela, S., Stephan, T.,
Kristin V., Jeroen, R. (2017). Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce
specific changes in the human gut microbiota. Gut,66 (11):
1968-1974.
Guo, X. F. (2008). Vitamin D deficiency and childhood obesity. Chinese
Journal of Child Health, 26 (12): 1280-1283+1288.
Gao, L., Kong, X. J., Shi, X. (2011). Effects of electroacupuncture and
acupoint cat gut embedding on mRNA expression of lipid metabolism gene
PPAR-γ mRNA and related lipid metabolism enzymes in simple obese rats.
China Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 31 (06): 535-538.
Han, H. N. (2014). Study on the technology and function of preparing
goose oil diacylglycerol microcapsule. Qingdao Agricultural University,
China.
He, K. L. (2016). Study on technology and function of preparing duck oil
diacylglycerol microcapsule catalyzed by immobilized lipase. Qingdao
Agricultural University, China.
Hao, M. J., Dang, Y. X., Zhou, X. X., Wang, C. Y. Gao, Y. (2008) Effect
of huangqi powder on AMPK/ACC/CPT1 pathway in hyperlipidemia rats.
Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 43 (12):
2586-2592.
Jin, J. Y., Zhang, X., Huo, P. (2016) Relationship between homocysteine
level and its metabolic pathway and coronary heart disease in obese
adults with simple obesity. Marker Immunoassay and Clinical Studies,23 (11): 1291-1293.
Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., Noh, S., Hur, H. J., Sung, M. J., Hwang, J. T.,
Park, J. Ho., Yang, H. J., Kim, M. S., Kwon, D. Young., Yoon, S. H.
(2010) Metabolomic analysis of livers and serum from high-fat diet
induced obese mice. Journal of Proteome Research, 10 (2):
722-31.
Kuugbee, E. D., Shang, X., Gamallat, Y., Bamba, D., Awadasseid, A.,
Suliman, M. A., Zang, S., Ma, Y., Chiwala, G., Xin, Y., Shang, D.
(2016). Structural change in microbiota by a probiotic cocktail enhances
the gut barrier and reduces cancer via TLR2 signaling in a rat model of
colon Cancer. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 61 (10):
2908-2920.
Leary, P. F., Zamfirova, I., Au, J., McCracken, W. H. (2017). Effect of
latitude on vitamin D levels. The Journal of the American Osteopathic
Association, 117 (7):433-439.
Liu, R. P., Wu H. B., Sun, H. L., Xiong, F. M. (2008). Effect of vitamin
D supplementation on overweight and obese children. China Maternal and
Child Health Research, 29 (12): 1566-1569.
Liu, Y. N. Wang, B. W. Xu, H. X. Ge, W. H. Xie, Y. E. Zhang, M. A. Kong,
M. Fan, W. L. (2020). Synergistic effect of diacylglycerol and vitamin D
in ameliorating dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats. Lipids,
DOI:10.1002/lipd.12248.
Liu, B. B., Yang, Y., Li, Q., Wang H., Wang, L. D. (2008). Effect of
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D_3 on mRNA expression and triglyceride content
of vitamin D receptor, adiposectin receptor 2 and peroxidosomal
proliferator-activated receptor in liver of type 2 diabetic rats.
Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 26 (01): 55-58.
Liu, Y., Chen, T. T., Fu, L. Y., Ye, Z. N., Li, N. (2013). Effects of
lysimachia polysaccharide on the expression of FAS in hyperlipidemia
mice. Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 35 (02):
392-397.
Lu, H. Y., Wei, M. Y., Zhang, G., Fu, H. Y. (2012). The relationship
between fatty acid synthase and fatty acid metabolism and cytokines.
Journal of Cell and Molecular Immunology, 28 (11):1226-1228.
Menendez, J. A., Vazquez-Martin, A.,Ortega, F. J., Fernandez-Real, J. M.
(2009). Fatty acid synthase: association with insulin resistance, type 2
diabetes, and cancer. Clinical Chemistry, 55 (3): 425-38.
Murase, T., Mizuno, T., Omachi, T., Onizawa, K., Komine, Y., Kondo, H.,
Hase, T., Tokimitsu, I. (2001). Dietary diacylglycerol suppresses high
fat and high sucrose diet-induced body fat accumulation in C57BL/6J
mice. Journal of Lipid Research, 42 : 372-378.
Meng, X. H. (2004). Enzymatic esterification of functional glycerol
diester and its function of weight loss. Jiangnan University, China
Ou, C. C., Lin, S. L., Tsai, J. J., Lin, M. Y. (2011). Heat-killed
lactic acid bacteria enhance immunomodulatory potential by skewing the
immune response toward Th1 polarization. Journal of Food Science,76 (5): M260-7.
Pu, M. L. (2013) Protective effect of vitamin D_3 on acute liver injury
induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Yanbian University, China.
Wang, L. L., Qi, X., Li, J. L. (2008). Progress of metabolomics in
obesity. Chemistry of Life, 38 (06): 803-808.
Wu, Y. X., Li, Y. X., Ye, G. Y., Mao, R. J., Zhang, J. (2019). Effect of
Hawthorn fat burner capsule on lipid metabolism in obese mice induced by
diet. Pharmacy Today, 07 (29): 449-452+460.
Wang, B. W., Zhang, M. A., Ge, W. H., He, K. L., Cheng, F. S. (2019).
Microencapsulated duck oil diacylglycerol: Preparation and application
as anti-obesity agent. LWT-Food Science and Technology,
DOI:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.061.
Wang, R., Su, D. W., Pang, Z. J., Zhou X. Y., Gong, B. S., He, X. B.,
Yao, Z. Z. (2017). Research progress on the relationship between
carnitine palmidil transferase 1c and tumor. Chemistry of Life,37 (02):207-211.
Wang, F. (2013). Effect of 1, 3-glycerodiester cream fat on fat
metabolism in SD rats and its mechanism. Anhui Agricultural University,
China.
Wu, G. F. (2012). Prevention and treatment of alcoholic fatty liver in
rats with taurine and its mechanism. Shenyang Agricultural University,
China.
Wang, C., Chao, H. P., Xie Y. D. (2020). Analysis of the relationship
between the effect of inulin on weight loss in obese mice induced by
high-fat and high-sugar diet and its regulation of intestinal flora.
Journal of Anhui Medicine, 24 (04): 666-670.
Xiang, S. S. (2007). Effects of glycerol diester on lipid metabolism in
SD rats and its mechanism. Fourth Military Medical University, China.
Yan, Q., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., Yang, Y. (2007) Dietary methionine
requirement for juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture
Nutrition, 13 (3): 163-169.
Yang, H. L., Mao, L. L., Ran, J. R., Tan, M.G. (2017). Investigation of
serum HCY level in 200 obese Tujia children. Journal of Clinical
Laboratory, 6 (02): 153-155.
Zhou, H. X., Xu, Q., Cai, H. S. (2017). Effect of high dose vitamin D on
prevention and treatment of obese pregnant women with gestational
diabetes. Chinese General Practice, 15 (11): 1911-1914.
Table 1 Fatty acids compositions (g/100 g fatty acids) of duck oil
diacylglycerol preparation and duck oil