*significant (P < 0.05). **Highly significant (P < 0.01).
Fig.1a Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on initial weight in rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.1b Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on model weight in rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.1c Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on final weight in rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.1d Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on body fat percentage in rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.2a Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on serum TG in obese rats. TG: triacylglycerol. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.2b Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on serum TC. TC: total cholesterol in obese rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.2c Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on serum HDL in obese rats. HDL: high density lipoprotein. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.2d Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on serum LDL in obese rats. LDL: low density lipoprotein. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.3a Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on AST in obese rats. AST: aspartate aminotransferase. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.3b Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on ALT in obese rats. ALT: alanine transaminase. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day
Fig.4a Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on FAS mRNA expression in liver of obese rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.4b Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on CPT1 mRNA expression in liver of obese rats. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.5a Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on OTUs. OTUs: operational taxonomic units. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.5b Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on ACE index. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.5c Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on Chao1 index. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.5d Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on Simpson index. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.5e Effects of duck oil diacylglycerol (DAG) and vitamin D (VD) on Shannon index. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to DAG dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for VD dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.6 The NMDS analysis on the cecal content. cecumM: OC group, cecumD: NO group, cecum3: DG10 group, cecum4: VD12.5 group, cecum5: DG10VD12.5 group. NO: non-obesity, OC: obesity control, DG 10 refer to diacylglycerol doses at 10 mL/kg BW per day, VD 12.5 stand for vitamin D doses at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7a Distribution of Allbaculum in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7b Distributions of Bacteroidales in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7c Distributions of Lachnospiraceae in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7d Distributions of Lactobacillus in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7e Distributions of Desulfovibrio in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.7f Distributions of Alloprevotella in the caecal content. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.8a The LDA analysis diagram on the cecal content. Group1: NO group; Group2: OC group; Group3: DG10 group; Group5: DG10VD12.5 group. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.
Fig.8b The evolutionary branch diagram on the caecal content. Group1: NO group; Group2: OC group; Group3: DG10 group; Group5: DG10VD12.5 group. NO: non-obesity; OC: obesity control; DG10 refers to diacylglycerol dose at 10 mL/kg BW per day; VD12.5 stands for Vitamin D dose at 12.5 µg/kg BW per day.