Efficacy of AF ablation in patients with no or limited LVAs
In this study, group A patients without LVA had a good prognosis up to the late phase after multiple sessions. This result is consistent with previous studies of LVA-guided therapy 12-14. Considering the implications of LVAs on AF development, LVAs reflect atrial fibrosis15,16 and fibrotic remodeling tissue leads to slow conduction and short action potential duration, which facilitates reentry 17,18. In group A patients who did not have these arrhythmic substrates, many non-PV procedures such as SVC isolation were performed at the time of additional procedures, suggesting that if the AF initiator could be treated, the results might be comparable to those of paroxysmal patients.