Test Name Method Specimen Format Time per test (mins) Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Ref
Widal Measures IgM and IgG antibodies against against flagellar (H) and somatic (O) antigens Serum semiquantitative and quantitative agglutination assay 240 40.9 – 94.4 18.3 – 58.0 Deksissa and Gebremedhin, 2019; Ousenu et al., 2021; Mawazo et al., 2019; Adhikari et al., 2015; Wam et al., 2019
Typhidot/ Typhidot-M Dot ELISA kit that detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of the S. Typhi Whole blood, plasma, or serum Immunochromatographic qualitative assay: either positive, negative or pass infection. 60 26.7 - 100 37.5 – 97.4 Narayanappa et al., 2010; Krishna et al., 2011; Mehmood et al., 2015; Udaykumar et al., 2017; Nithya et al., 2022; Prasad et al., 2015
TUBEX TF Inhibition Binding Magnetic Immunoassay. Detects IgM to S. Typhi O9 antigen Whole blood, plasma, or serum Semi‐quantitative colorimetric assay 10 52.9 – 95.0 54.0 – 95.0 Thriemer et al., 2013; Bundalian et al., 2019; Khanna et al., 2015; Islam et al., 2016
Multi‐test Dip‐S‐Tick a dipstick format that detects detects anti-O, anti-H, anti-Vi, IgM, or IgG Heparinized whole blood, serum, or plasma Qualitative test: either positive or negative 90 89.0 53.0 Olsen et al., 2004
OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo a lateral flow immunoassay for the detection and differentiation of IgG and IgM antibodies to S. Typhi and Paratyphi Whole blood, serum, or plasma Qualitative: positive or negative. 15 100 94.4 Tarupiwa et al., 2015
Enterocheck WB Detects IgM antibodies to S. Typhi lipopolysacharide antigen Whole blood, plasma, or serum Qualitative: positive or negative. 25 68.5 – 86.0 63.0 – 89.0 Hamdy et al., 2015; Anusha et al., 2011; Bhume and Babaliche, 2020; Prasad et al., 2015