Data sources for typhoid fever occurrence included peer-reviewed research articles (from PubMed and Embase) and reports from ProMED, an internet-based reporting system where infectious disease occurrence is identified in media reports, official reports, online summaries, and other similar platforms. We conducted a systematic literature search using iterations of the term typhoid fever, including “typhoid,” “S. Typhi,” “Salmonella Typhi,” or “enteric fever” mentioned in the full text. We limited articles relevant to the African continent by requiring the mention of at least one African country in the text. For example, to retrieve references related to typhoid fever in Algeria, we used the following search term: (“typhoid” OR “S. Typhi” OR “Salmonella Typhi” OR “enteric fever”) AND “Algeria.”