3.2 Laryngeal cancer
Laryngeal cancer is closely related to the human papillomaviruses HPV16 and HPV18. It occurs in laryngeal mucosal epithelial tissue, where is causes a foreign body sensation in the throat, discomfort when swallowing, pain in the throat, or an irritating cough accompanied by blood in the sputum [61]. Song et al. [62] divided laryngeal tumor tissue cells into categories of tumor cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells by performing single-cell sequencing. The data showed that keratinocyte-like tumor cells highly expressed SPRR3 , SPRR1B , and SPRR1A , which are members of the SPRR family, and encode the specific markers for keratinocyte and squamous epithelial cell differentiation. SCS showed that SLAMF9 was specifically expressed in the non-immune cells of a rare form of laryngeal chondrosarcoma, and this finding was verified by immunohistochemistry [63]. Wang et al. [64] selected three prognosis-related IRLs (BARX1-DT, KLHL7-DT, and LINC02154) by the machine learning method, and used them to predict the prognosis, immune infiltration status, and immunotherapy response of LSCC patients.