in \citet{chickering1987seven}as well as \citet{duffy2000}, the principles that make up good education practices are the same, regardless of mode (i.e., distance education or in-person), rather it is the instructor’s approach to pedagogy that makes each of these principles effective in each mode \cite{Bernard_2004}. Therefore, we assert that the fundamental principles of good instruction do not change when modes change; however, they do require a different pedagogical approach to in order to achieve them in each mode.
Therefore, the driving question of this framework is: How can we conceptualize and generalize the process of creating a course grounded in the principles of good practice regardless of it’s mode? Our framework considers four major classroom interactions across three overarching dynamics that should be considered when creating a course in any mode.

Construction of the DICE Framework

Learning