Study population
This case series included octogenarians receiving LP implant procedures
following infectious conventional PM lead extractions between June 2017
and June 2019 at Tokyo Women’s Medical University and Shinshu
University, which are tertiary referral centers for TLEs. The indication
for a lead extraction was a device-related infection with a class 1
indication for an extraction according to the Heart Rhythm Society
expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic
device lead management and extractions. 1Device‐related infections were defined as clinically proven or suspected
infections of the PM pocket or lead. 1 Transthoracic
and transesophageal echocardiography was performed to further confirm
the diagnosis of a device infection and to evaluate the presence of
endocardial or pacing lead involvement. Demographic data including age,
sex, body mass index, pacing indication, cardiovascular disease history
and medical comorbidities were also obtained from the medical records.
This study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki on human research
and was approved by the ethical committee of both institutions. Written
informed consent was obtained from every patient.