where Lij (1) is the landscape FR volume
(cube-root transformed) within either a 250, 500, or 750 m radius (each
spatial scale was run in separate models) surrounding the i th
transect in site j during the first time period (1) that bees
were observed visiting flowers, and ΔLijk is the
non-positive change (positive changes were equivalent to no change, i.e.
equalling zero) in the landscape FR volume (cube-root transformed),
within the same radius as the Lij (1) term,
surrounding the i th transect in site j from the previous
time period (k – 1) to the current time period k , from
which was calculated the cumulative sum of ΔLijkacross all time periods since bees were first observed visiting flowers;
models were run both including and excluding the
Tijk term. Finally, the model for H3b was of the
form