Data Collection
We collected patient demographic data including age, sex, race and insurance information from the electronic medical record (EMR) and determined prescription filling from aninformation technology company that works in conjunction with the EMR, SureScripts (SureScripts, Arlington, VA., USA). SureScriptssupports e-prescriptions, the electronic transmission of prescriptions between the EDs and pharmacies. As of 2018, greater than 90% of pharmacies in the study region have the capability to receive e-prescriptions from SureScripts.