Outcomes Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) Insulin Users (n = 1940) Insulin Users (n = 1940) Insulin Users (n = 1940) Crude HR (95% CI) p Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) p Value
Events PY IR Events PY IR
All-cause mortality 951 23577 4.03 575 11131 5.17 1.32(1.19˗1.47) <0.0001 1.30(1.17˗1.44) <0.0001
HCC 682 22041 3.09 386 10219 3.78 1.21(1.07˗1.37) 0.003 1.22(1.08˗1.39) 0.002
MACE 490 21816 2.25 303 10152 2.98 1.33(1.15˗1.54) <0.0001 1.37(1.19˗1.58) <0.0001
Stroke 289 22616 1.28 165 10620 1.55 1.23(1.01˗1.48) 0.04 1.25(1.04˗1.53) 0.02
Ischemic heart disease
188
22819
0.82
111
10727
1.03
1.25(0.99˗1.59)
0.06
1.32(1.04˗1.68)
0.02
Heart failure
118
23187
0.51
112
10841
1.03
2.04(1.57˗2.64)
<0.0001
2.12(1.63˗2.75)
<0.0001
Decompensated cirrhosis 626 22411 2.79 432 10219 4.23 1.50(1.33˗1.69) <0.0001 1.52(1.34˗1.72) <0.0001
Esophageal varicose
41
23488
0.17
37
11034
0.34
1.86(1.20˗2.91)
0.006
1.86(1.19˗1.92)
0.007
Hepatic ascites
395
22915
1.72
298
10518
2.83
1.62(1.40˗1.89)
<0.0001
1.65(1.42˗1.92)
<0.0001
Hepatic encephalopathy 339 23105 1.47 265 10672 2.48 1.67(1.52˗1.96) <0.0001 1.67(1.42˗1.97) <0.0001
Jaundice 101 23355 0.43 44 11027 0.40 0.91(0.64˗1.30) 0.61 0.95(0.66˗1.36) 0.78
Hepatic failure 481 22891 2.10 362 10528 3.44 1.62(1.42˗1.87) <0.0001 1.63(1.42˗1.88) <0.0001