3.2 | Risks of outcomes
In the matched cohort of people with T2DM and compensated liver cirrhosis, 627 (30.63%) insulin users and 979 (23.91%) insulin nonusers died during the follow-up period (incidence rate of 5.28 vs 4.07 per 100 patient-years, respectively). The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) of insulin users to nonusers was 1.31 (1.18-1.45; Table 2).
Table 2 shows that insulin users associated with higher risks of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.05-1.34]), decompensated cirrhosis (aHR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.35-1.72]), esophageal varices with bleeding (aHR [95% CI]: 1.81 [1.16-2.83]), hepatic ascites (aHR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.45-1.95]), hepatic encephalopathy (aHR [95% CI]: 1.63 [1.39-1.91]), and hepatic failure (aHR [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.42-1.86]) than nonusers; however, insulin users showed no significant difference in the risk of jaundice (aHR [95% CI]: 0.90 [0.63-1.29]).
Table 2 also displays that insulin users had significantly higher risks of MACE (aHR [95% CI]: 1.41 [1.23-1.62]), stroke (aHR [95% CI]: 1.31 [1.09-1.58]), ischemic heart disease (aHR [95% CI]: 1.36 [1.09-1.71]), and heart failure (aHR [95% CI]: 2.18 [1.70-2.80]) than nonusers
Figure 2 shows the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and MACE of insulin users and nonusers with T2DM and compensated liver cirrhosis.
Insulin users had a higher risk of hypoglycemia (aHR [95% CI]: 3.33 [2.45-4.53]) than nonusers (Table 2).