Outcomes |
Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) |
Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) |
Non-insulin Users (n = 4026) |
Insulin Users (n = 1940) |
Insulin Users
(n = 1940) |
Insulin Users (n = 1940) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
p
Value |
Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
p
Value |
|
Events |
PY |
IR |
Events |
PY |
IR |
|
|
|
|
All-cause mortality |
951 |
23577 |
4.03 |
575 |
11131 |
5.17 |
1.32(1.19˗1.47) |
<0.0001 |
1.30(1.17˗1.44) |
<0.0001 |
HCC |
682 |
22041 |
3.09 |
386 |
10219 |
3.78 |
1.21(1.07˗1.37) |
0.003 |
1.22(1.08˗1.39) |
0.002 |
MACE |
490 |
21816 |
2.25 |
303 |
10152 |
2.98 |
1.33(1.15˗1.54) |
<0.0001 |
1.37(1.19˗1.58) |
<0.0001 |
Stroke |
289 |
22616 |
1.28 |
165 |
10620 |
1.55 |
1.23(1.01˗1.48) |
0.04 |
1.25(1.04˗1.53) |
0.02 |
Ischemic heart disease
|
188
|
22819
|
0.82
|
111
|
10727
|
1.03
|
1.25(0.99˗1.59)
|
0.06
|
1.32(1.04˗1.68)
|
0.02
|
Heart failure
|
118
|
23187
|
0.51
|
112
|
10841
|
1.03
|
2.04(1.57˗2.64)
|
<0.0001
|
2.12(1.63˗2.75)
|
<0.0001
|
Decompensated cirrhosis |
626 |
22411 |
2.79 |
432 |
10219 |
4.23 |
1.50(1.33˗1.69) |
<0.0001 |
1.52(1.34˗1.72) |
<0.0001 |
Esophageal varicose
|
41
|
23488
|
0.17
|
37
|
11034
|
0.34
|
1.86(1.20˗2.91)
|
0.006
|
1.86(1.19˗1.92)
|
0.007
|
Hepatic ascites
|
395
|
22915
|
1.72
|
298
|
10518
|
2.83
|
1.62(1.40˗1.89)
|
<0.0001
|
1.65(1.42˗1.92)
|
<0.0001
|
Hepatic encephalopathy |
339 |
23105 |
1.47 |
265 |
10672 |
2.48 |
1.67(1.52˗1.96) |
<0.0001 |
1.67(1.42˗1.97) |
<0.0001 |
Jaundice |
101 |
23355 |
0.43 |
44 |
11027 |
0.40 |
0.91(0.64˗1.30) |
0.61 |
0.95(0.66˗1.36) |
0.78 |
Hepatic failure |
481 |
22891 |
2.10 |
362 |
10528 |
3.44 |
1.62(1.42˗1.87) |
<0.0001 |
1.63(1.42˗1.88) |
<0.0001 |