Outcomes Non-insulin Users (n = 4094) Non-insulin Users (n = 4094) Non-insulin Users (n = 4094) Insulin Users (n = 2047) Insulin Users (n = 2047) Insulin Users (n = 2047) Crude HR (95% CI) p Value Adjusted HR (95% CI) p Value
Events PY IR Events PY IR
All-cause mortality 979 24075 4.07 627 11866 5.28 1.33(1.21˗1.48) <0.0001 1.31(1.18˗1.45) <0.0001
HCC 700 22490 3.11 402 10921 3.68 1.17(1.03˗1.32) 0.01 1.18(1.05˗1.34) 0.007
MACE 512 22227 2.30 339 10738 3.16 1.37(1.19˗1.57) <0.0001 1.41(1.23˗1.62) <0.0001
Stroke 300 23086 1.30 186 11285 1.65 1.28(1.07˗1.54) 0.007 1.31(1.09˗1.58) 0.004
Ischemic heart disease 198 23277 0.85 128 11394 1.12 1.31(1.05˗1.64) 0.02 1.36(1.09˗1.71) 0.006
Heart failure
125
23649
0.53
128
11507
1.11
2.11(1.65˗2.71)
<0.0001
2.18(1.70˗2.80)
<0.0001
Decompensated cirrhosis 642 22865 2.81 465 10890 4.27 1.50(1.33˗1.69) <0.0001 1.53(1.35˗1.72) <0.0001
Variceal bleeding
41
23986
0.17
38
11767
0.32
1.83(1.18˗2.85)
0.007
1.81(1.16˗2.83)
0.009
Hepatic ascites
407
23381
1.74
327
11196
2.92
1.66(1.43˗1.92)
<0.0001
1.68(1.45˗1.95)
<0.0001
Hepatic encephalopathy 351 23577 1.49 281 11380 2.47 1.64(1.40˗1.91) <0.0001 1.63(1.39˗1.91) <0.0001
Jaundice 102 23848 0.43 45 11757 0.38 0.88(0.62˗1.25) 0.49 0.90(0.63˗1.29) 0.58
Hepatic failure 493 23363 2.11 388 11230 3.46 1.62(1.42˗1.85) <0.0001 1.26(1.42˗1.86) <0.0001
Hypoglycemia 68 23893 0.28 107 11576 0.92 3.26(2.40˗4.42) <0.0001 3.33(2.45˗4.53) <0.0001