Results
The total number of fetal records during 2011–2014 was 104,102. After applying our inclusion criteria, 82,171 participants were eligible for this study (Figure 1). Among 82,171 participants, 3,958 (4.8%) were in G1, 37,944 (46.2%) in G2, 23,769 (28.9%) in G3, 11,976 (14.6%) in G4, and 4,524 (5.5%) in G5.
Table 1 summarizes the maternal background and obstetric outcomes based on the MSD groups. All maternal background characteristics were significantly affected by MSD. Birth weight increased significantly, and the incidence of LBW < 2,500 g was significantly lower in G4 and G5. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of PTB, LBW < 1,500 g, SGA, and macrosomia among the groups.
Table 2 shows the aORs of LBW < 2,500 g, LBW < 1,500 g, SGA, and macrosomia among all groups with G2 as a reference. No significant association was observed between MSD and these outcomes after adjusting for excessive gestational BWG in model 2. Additionally, there was no significant association between MSD and LBW < 1,500 g and macrosomia.
Table 3 shows the aORs of LBW < 2,500 g and SGA among all groups with G2 as a reference, after stratification by gestational BWG. No significant association was observed between MSD and these outcomes in women with excessive gestational BWG.