Inclusion Criteria
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) through the HCUP (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project) records data from over 7 million hospitalizations each year. Information from the database was collected and analyzed in this review. Patients who underwent CABG or cardiopulmonary bypass from 2005 to 2014 were identified by the ICD-9 procedure codes: 36.10 to 36.19 and 39.61 to 39.66. CABG procedure types were stratified as either elective or urgent/emergent. Appropriate ICD-9 V codes were used to identify those with a history of kidney transplant (ICD-9 code: V42.0), pancreas transplant (ICD-9 code: V428.3), and both pancreas and kidney transplant. Those with history of or complication from another organ transplant were excluded. Basic patient demographic information and hospital characteristics were also collected. Transplant centers were defined as having performed at least one renal transplant between 2005 to 2014. The Elixhauser comorbidity index scores were calculated using preexisting medical conditions available in the NIS data18.